Skip to main content

EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF MASS MEDIA ON MEDIA OBJECTIVITY




ATTENTION:

BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU!


TO GET THE FULL PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL:
08168759420, 08068231953

TO GET MORE PROJECT TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT:




EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL OF MASS MEDIA ON MEDIA OBJECTIVITY
ABSTRACT
This project takes a look at the “Effect of Government Ownership and Control on Mass Media Objectivity. Government controlled media can be seen simply to be media that operates in a government controlled environment. There are three main concepts behind media that have emerged from such an environments. The term is often used in contrast to private or independent media, which has no direct control from any political party. Its content is usually more prescriptive, telling the audience what to think, particularly as it is under no pressure to attract high ratings or generate advertising revenue. In more controlled regions, the state government may censor content which it deems illegal, immoral or unfavorable to the government and likewise regulate any programming related to the media; therefore, it is not independent of the governing party. In this type of environment, journalists may be required to be members or affiliated with the ruling party Within countries like Nigeria, that have high levels of government interference in the media, it may use the state press for propaganda purposes
TABLE OF CONTENT:

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1     Background of the Study
1.2     Statement of the Research Problem
1.3     Objectives of the Study
1.4     Significance of the Study
1.5     Research Questions
1.6     Research Hypothesis
1.7     Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8     Assumptions
1.9     Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     Sources of Literature
2.2     The Review
2.3     Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1     Research Method
3.2     Research Design
3.3     Research Sample
3.4     Measuring Instrument
3.5     Data Collection
3.6     Data Analysis
3.7     Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1     Data Analysis
4.2     Results
4.3     Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1     Summary
5.2     Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY.
The  media  of  mass  communication  has  two  important  broad  sub – divisions,  the  electronic  and  the  print  media.  The print media involves mainly  the  magazine  and  newspapers.  These  are  regional  and  national  informers  which  provides  retrievable,  researched  and  in depth  news – stories  of  events.
Since  its  inception  in  1859,  courtesy  of  Henry  Townsend,  print  media  has  always  been  owned  by  either  individuals,  groups  of  individuals,  organizations  or  government,  both  state  and  the  national.  Due  to  the  pluralistic  nature  of  control  of  print  media,  the  competition  thereof,  the  print  media  has  always  been  a  vital  instrument  of  enlightenment.  Infact,  it  was  instrumental  in  the  struggle  to  gain  independence  for  Nigeria  in  1960.  However,  the  individuals  or  groups  that  establish  newspapers/  magazines  have  always  used  it  to  propagate  their  interests.  But  on  the  whole,  it  has  played  a  major  role  in  informing,  educating  and  entertaining  the  society. 
The  other  arm  of  mass  communication  media  is  the  electronic  media.  It  comprises   of  the  radio  and  television.  It  ha  not  been  as  enterprising  as  it  should  be.  Neither  is  it  as  competitive  as  the  print  media.  This  is  attributable  to  the  majority  ownership  and  control  of  the  electronic  media  by  the  government.  This  attribute  is  not  a  recent  phenomenon.  It  can  be  traced  to  the  political  experience  of  the  western  region  of  Nigeria  in  the  first  republic,  where:
“During  the  1962 – 1965  political  crisis  in  The  western  region,    broadcasting  was  employed  freely   by  the  government  of  the  day  as  an  instrument  for  waging  an  offensive  against  opposition “.
Following  the  activities  of  major  political  actors  then,  the  government  saw  its  efficacy,  then  decided  to  only  trust  the  electronic  media  into  the  care  of  its  royals.  It  therefore  toyed  with  the  idea  of  tying  the  radio  and  television  to  what  ModlyneOpara  of  ESBS  called  “it’s apron”.  Though  the  constituent  assemblies  that  smithed  the  1959  and  1979  constitutions  for  the  country  did  not  approve  monolithic  control  of  the  electronic  media  by  the  government,  government  went  ahead  in  constitutionalizing  its  grip  on  the  media.  The  president  of  the  federal  Republic  of  Nigeria  was  vested  with  the  right  to  permit  the  establishment  of  the  electronic  media.  The  constitution states  inter alia: 
“……that  besides  federal  and  state  governments,  individuals  and  corporate  bodies  were  also  eligible  to  own  and  operate  radio  and  television  stations,  provided  that  they  received  the  presidents  permission  to  do  so”
It  has  been  widely  acclaimed  that  the  government  had  to  take  such  decision  because  the  people  were  not  emotionally  and  materially  set  for  individual  ownership  of  the  electronic  media,  due  to  its  vulnerability  to  abuse  and  the  high  capital  required  to  establish  it.
Also  considering  that :
        “ At  local,  national  and  international  levels,  the  media  are  powerful 
brokers  of  information  by  their  very  nature  and  availability,  the  mass  media  have  been   recognized  as ……  Most  potent  tool……in  the  modern  world”.
If  we  have  to  go  by  records,  the  government’s  insistence  on  moving  and  controlling  the  electronic  media  is  in  contravention  of  the  universal  declaration  of  human  rights  article  19  of  the  UNO.  This  article  states  that :
“Everyone  has  the  right  to  freedom  of  opinion  and  expression,  this  right  includes  freedom  to  hold  opinions  without  interference  and  seek  receive  and  import  information  and  ideas  through  any  media 
and  regardless  of  frontiers” 
Nevertheless,  Nigerians  of  the  contemporary  time  are  increasing  decrying  government  ownership  and  control  of  radio  and  television  station  because  the  station  are  increasingly  losing  its  credibility.  Yet  experts  suggested  reasons  why  the  government  continues  its  claw – like  hold  on  the  radio  and  television.  AdidiUgo,  a  senior  lecturer  in  mass  communication  department  of  the  university  of  Lagos  (UNILAG)  attributes  this  fear by  the  government:
        “ The  factor  under tying  the  restlessness  of  government.
          To  free  radio  and  television  from  its  contributions  is  nothing  but 
fear”.
But  government  has  defense  against  this.  It  claims  that  private  ownership  would  lay  volatile  Nigerian  publics  open  to  selfish  manipulation.  Hence  it  can  only  trust  such  huge  responsibilities  into  the  hands  of  its  loyals.
Plausible  as  the  government’s  interest  might  sound,  considering  experiences  of  the  political  past  and  the  present  time  where  certain  political  interests  were  propagated  at  the  expense  of  the  masses.  Chiefs  executives  of  government  are  known  to  have  abused  the  electronic  media  by  using  it  to  further  their  own  parochial  causes.  In  addition,  the  governments  ownership  and  control  of  the   electronic  media  - radio  and  television  has  not  been  without  some  hindrance  on  the  media  operations  and  further  of  its  integrity.  If not  for  anything, J.E.  Aliede,  a expert  believes  that   “Due  to  the  government  control  of  the  electronic  media, they lack  credibility  and  objectivity”.  This  can  be  accounted  in  the  caliber  of  workers  they   parade.  Aliede  described  them  as “…….  Poorly  educated  editors  and  reporters …….”  These  half  baked    staff  are  ill  remunerated,  making  them  have  lean  and   financial  base  and  thus  easy  targets  for  manipulation  by  the  government  and  its  agents.
Following   this  background  therefore,  we  have  resolved  to  seriously   determine.  The  effects  of  the  age long  ownership  and  control  of  the  Enugu  state   Broadcasting   service  by  the  state  government  with  a  particular  interest  at  the  FM  arm  of  the  establishment.  We  are  not  forgetting  that  John  C. Menril  in  his  paper  “A  conceptual  overview  of  world  journalism”  noted  that  “A  nation’s  press  or  media  system  is  closely  tied  to  its  political  system”.  Since  “A  nation’s  journalism  cannot  exceed  the  limits  permitted  by  the  society;  on  the  other  hand,  it  cannot  lag  far  behind”.  Also  Dr.  S. A.  Ekwelie  has  shown  through  a  study  that  the  needs  of  a  developing  country  is  to  use  the  media  for  “evolution  of  new  psychological  personality”.  That  is  what  J. E.  Aliede  believed  to  be  “empathy”.
STATEMENT  OF  RESEARCH  PROBLEM
The  concept  “Effect  of  Government  Ownership  and  Control  of  Mass  media  Objectivity”  is  of  great  importance.  Government  did  not  own  and  exert  control  the  mass  media  for  its  sake  but  a  definite  purpose  of using  it  as  a  megaphone  to  tell  its  own  story,  the  way  they  want  to  tell  it.
Most  state  owned  media  organization  are  land locked  with  credibility  and  objectivity  questions  for  the  way  they  have  handled  information/propaganda  dissemination  for  the  government  at  the  expense  of  the  opposition  and  indeed  the  people.  For  this  reason,  media  audience  is  today  known  to  take  state  owned  media  message  with  a  pinch  of  salt.  For  Marshal  Macluhan  once  posited  that  “media  is  the  message”.
The  problem  that  necessitated  this  research  is  the  need  to  uncover  how  government  influence  on  its  own  “megaphone  has  been  able  to  foster  or  deride  the  objective  principle  of  journalism  and  how  it  effects  the  media  as  a  whole.
And  because  ESBS  FM  is  a  major  culprit  in  this  issue,  we  have  chosen  it  for  the  studies.
OBJECTIVES  OF  THE  STUDY
Every  research  problem  worthy  of  academic  undertaking  is  carried  out  for  a  definite  purpose. 
The  purpose  of  this  study  is:
To  find  out  how  objectively  the  ESBS  discharges  its  duty  in  the  light  of  government  ownership  and  control. 
To  identify  ways  by  which  their  objectivity  has  affected  the  stations  status.
To  offer  suggestions  on  how  government  owned  media  should  be  handled  to  achieve  better  result. 
Finally,  the  research  is  undertaking  to  make  contributions  to  knowledge  generally.
SIGNIFICANCE  OF  THE  STUDY.
Though,  so  many  studies  and  research  have  been  done  in  this  problem.  This  research  undertaking  is  significant  for  the  suspicion  the  mass  audience  has  for  messages  disseminated  from  government  owned  media. 













AFFILIATE LINKS:
www.nairaproject.com.ng            





Comments

Popular posts from this blog

AN APPRAISAL OF THE LOAN EVALUATION CRITERIA AND CONTROL TECHNIQUE IN ZENITH BANK

ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU! TO GET THE FULL PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL: 08168759420, 08068231953 TO GET MORE PROJECT TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT: www.easyprojectmaterials.com www.easyprojectsolutions.com www.worldofnolimit.com AN APPRAISAL OF THE LOAN EVALUATION CRITERIA AND CONTROL TECHNIQUE IN ZENITH BANK ABSTRACT The role of banks as financial intermediary is crucial to the growth of any society. Primarily, bank supply, such financial services as provision of savings and time deposits, call deposits, working capital and terms l oans, tender and performance bonds documentary collections, fund transfer, foreign exchange transaction, equipment leasing and business advisory services. To the individual and corporate business community, bank loans are a prime source of fun

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF small MFIs in Nigeria(MSC)

YOU CAN CALL US BACK FOR THE COMPLETE THESIS. WE CAN ALSO HELP YOU WITH CORRECTIONS FROM YOUR SUPERVISOR. PLEASE CALL 08068231953, 08168759420        MSC THESIS TOPIC: OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF small MFIs in Nigeria(MSC)   Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between ownership structures, corporate governance and the performance of small MFIs in Nigeria. Interest in this study was as a result of poor performance of these MFIs as indicated in the AMFIU Annual report of 2006. The study therefore sought to determine if this could be attributed to their ownership structures and therefore governance levels.   A cross sectional survey design was used to undertake this study using a sample of 65 MFIs from which responses from 44 MFIs were received; giving a response rate of 67.7%.    Findings of the study reveal that ownership structures and corporate governance are significant predictors of MFI performance accounting for 42.4%

ROLE OF RURAL WOMEN FARMERS ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EDO STATE

ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU! TO GET THE FULL PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL: 08168759420, 08068231953 TO GET MORE PROJECT TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT: www.easyprojectmaterials.com www.easyprojectsolutions.com www.worldofnolimit.com ROLE OF RURAL WOMEN FARMERS ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EDO STATE ABSTRACT The role of rural women farmers in the economic development of Egor Local Government Area in Edo State cannot be over emphasized. There is basicall y no aspect of economic development in Edo State that one cannot find women. A review of feminist literature, indicate that there is now a demand for re-orientation of research and change in methodological procedures used for complication of national statistics so as to reflect accurately the position of women and their la