COMBATING CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIMES COMMISSION (EFCC)
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COMBATING
CORRUPTION IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIMES
COMMISSION (EFCC)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Nigeria became an independent nation on
the 1st of October 1960.
A country richly endowed with monumental
geographical and diverse natural resources ranging from crude oil to gas
(natural), coal al, et.
Nigeria possesses potential market
ability for rapid economic development.
However, inspite of these obvious
resources and its advantage, Nigeria remains a poor and underdeveloped country.
Scholars have achieved and advanced
several reasons to explain this parlous and depleting state.
One of the major and prominent factors
advanced is corruption
Corruption has been a major problem in
Nigeria since independence.
Perhaps, it may be that we even
inherited ‘the problem’ from our colonial masters.
Numerous state institutions have become
dysfunctional because of large-scale corrupt practices.
Projects are routinely abandoned, and no
one is brought to book, public goods and resources are diverted to private
ends.
Corruption endangers the good governance
and the democracy we see today.
Corruption was cited as one of the more
prominent reasons for Nigeria’s first military coup by the coupists of January
15, 1966 military putsch.
Massive corruption and resource
brigandage also were sited as reasons for the military takes over by the regime
of Buharil Tunde Idiagbon on December 31st 1983.
This is in-spite of the fact that even
the military elite cannot be called saints on the one side.
Due to the pervasive nature of corruption
in Nigeria, Nigeria’s former President Olusegun Obasanjo in his inaugural
speech on May 29 1999 affirmed that corruption, the single greatest bane of our
society today would be tackled head- on, at all levels.
No society can achieve its full potentials
if it allows corruption to become a full blown cancer as its has become in our
nation.
According to the World Bank (1997:5),
“corruption thrives when economic policies are poorly designed, education
levels or standards are low, civil society participation is weak, public sector
management is poor, and accountability of public institutions are weak”.
Corruption has become the order of the
day in our public institution, and because Government business is nobody’s
business, the country continues to suffer (Nzemeke and Erhagbe: 2002:131).
Corruption has been cited as the major
reason why developmental prescription, aids and policies imposed on Nigeria by
international financial organizations have inexplicably failed.
Thus, corruption is indeed, to the
society and the polity what HW/AIDS is to the human body
While
manifestation of the “acquired immune deficiency syndrome” caused by a
bio-virus, corruption is an expression of the “Deficiency of integrity syndrome”
caused by a socio-virus (corruption).
‘As HW/AIDS breaks down our immune
system thereby making it susceptible to ills and sicknesses, so also corruption
breaks down the law and order, structure of the economy, thereby making it easy
for the nation to be infested with all sorts of deficiencies and crimes.
Sam Adesua (1987: 8-9) noted that “in
Nigeria, …corruption is a well – organized and well entrenched social malady
bestriding the nation, but which tends to have the tacit approval of almost
every Nigerian in the social ladders”.
This is an opposite description of the
corruption status in the Nigerian nation.
Corruption is no doubt pervasive in the
country.
It permeates all strata of both public
and private life.
It
is not peculiar to any regime or government, in the country.
Honesty seems to have taken flight, and
corruption has in the meanwhile tremendously gained ground and become very
rampant.
According to Familoni (2005:51),
becoming corrupt in Nigeria is almost avoidable, as morality is lax because to
survive, people have to make money.
The 1996 study of corruption by
Transparency International (TI) and Goettingen University ranked Nigeria as the
most corrupt nation, among the fifty-four (54) counties listed in the study
with Pakistan as the second most corrupt country.
Also in the 1998 transparency
international corruption perception index (CPI), the image of Nigeria dipped
further as she was ranked ninety (90) out of the ninety one (91) countries
pooled – Bangladesh came first in the ranking.
The country remained or rather retained
its position in 2003.
In 2006, the transparency international
perception index ranked Nigeria one hundred and forty-two (142) out of one
hundred and sixty-three (163) countries pooled, with Haiti as the most corrupt
country in the world.
STATEMENT OF
THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
One of the pertinent issues in Nigeria
today is the focus on one of the greatest impediment to good governance and
sustainable development corruption.
In recent times, corruption has as an
issue taken the front burner in development discourse worldwide.
Since 1996, the World Bank has supported
more than six hundred (600) anti–corruption programmes and governance
initiative developed by its member countries.
Especially in 1999, the World Bank
institute budgeted a whopping $7.5million to fight corruption (Polzer, 200:2;
Tesh, 1991:1).
Ironically, the global financial body
was embroiled in scandalous dealings that led to the removal of its chairman.
This goes to show the obvious relevance
corruption has to sustainable growth and development.
The world’s major religions in their
holy books are concerned with the evil of corruption amongst the rich and
powerful, and prescribed rules for punishing perpetrators and the wiping out of
corrupt acts.
The Qu’ran chapter 83, warmed believers
against the fraudulent and corrupt practices of the Arabian society in the
pre-Islamic era (Olurode, 2003:3).
The Holy Bible in proverbs (22:8, 11:20
and 13:11) (Olurode 2005:3) admonished
the people about corruption and its consequences, promising perpetrators that
they would be losers on judgment day.
Accountability is typically weak in
Nigeria because the county is ripe for corruption and rife with it.
The motivation to earn extra income is
extremely strong, worsened by poverty and low and declining civil services
salaries.
Thus, corruption has become a cankerworm
in the political system, stifling it of its potential sustainable growth.
RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the research is to appraise
Nigeria’s anti-corruption crusade with special focus on the EFCC
- Identify the inherent nature of
corruption in Nigerian since independence.
- Assess the effect of corruption on
Nigeria’s development.
- Appraise the activities of the
EFCC.
- To ascertain if the EFCC has
succeeded or failed in its quest to wipe out corruption in Nigeria.
HYPOTHESIS
The level of
corruption in the Nigerian polity is a function of bad governance and corrupt
individuals
The
administration (1999 till date) has the political will to fight corruption.
The economic
and financial crimes commission (EFCC) is capable of fighting corruption.
SCOPE OF
STUDY SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This research therefore focuses on the two
term tenure of President Olusegun Obasanjo, and former president Yar’Adua’s
short tenure, from 1999 till date with a view to the appraisal of the efforts
of the EFCC at fighting corruption in Nigerian during the already mentioned
time frame.
The administration of Obasanjo was the
first to show the commitment of fight corruption with the appropriate
mechanisms and where obvious (even if sometimes selected results have been seen
towards the fight against corruption.
METHODOLOGY
In the course of this study, the
researcher adopted primary and secondary methods of data collection.
They
include:
Primary
data: as primary data, we will make used of observation and interview.
Secondary
data: for the secondary data, newspapers, textbooks, electronic media and the
internet were explored
ORGANIZATION
OF THE STUDY
The study shall be divided into five
chapters.
The first chapter discusses the
background to the study, statement of problem, objectives of the study, scope
of the study, hypothesis, research methodology, and organization of various
chapters.
The second shall consist of the
literature review, exhaustively discuss corruption in Nigeria, its historical
antecedents and impact on the society.
Chapter three would focus on
methodology.
Chapter four focuses in the EFCC, and
chapter five focuses on achievement in the crusade, the summary and conclusion.
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