THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF GEOGRAPHY IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
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THE USE OF
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF GEOGRAPHY IN
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The word
geography is coined from two Greek words 'Geo' meaning earth and 'grapghy'
meaning to describe. Therefore, geography can also be defined as description of
the earth. Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία, geographia, literally "earth
description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the
features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth. Geography is unique in
bridging the social sciences (human geography) with the natural sciences
(physical geography). Geography is simply defined as a science that deals with
Earth's surface. People who study geography are called geographers. Geographers
are interested in Earth's physical features, such as mountains, deserts,
rivers, and oceans. They are also interested in the ways that people affect and
are affected by the natural world. Geography has everything to do with our
Everyday Life. Geography is the study of place, and seeks to understand the
ways in which humans influence their environment, and in turn explore the
influence the environment has on humans. Quite simply, it is the study of the
world around us. Instructional materials are materials which assist teachers to
make their lessons explicit to learners. They are also used to transmit
information, ideas and notes to learners (Ijaduola (1997). Instructional
materials include both visuals and audiovisuals such as pictures, flashcards,
posters, charts, tape recorder, radio, video, television, computers among
others. These materials serve as supplement to the normal processes of
instruction.Instructional materials according to Emma and Ajayi (2004) are
those things which help teaching and learning process. It helps to promote
understanding of the concept and generalization by making lesson practical and
realistic. Any teacher who has the interest of the student at heart is bound to
think of the ways and means he will employ to make his teaching and learning
process moiré effective and more interesting to students. Bassey (2002)
opinioned that Science is resource intensive, and in a period of economic
recession, it may be very difficult to find some of the electronic gadgets and
equipment for the teaching of geography in senior secondary schools adequately.
According to Adeniyi (2000), the effect of instructional materials is to
communicate more permanently, health related issues, and information is
retained when supplemented with aid. Certainly instructional materials when
carefully selected and skillfully used will make learning more effective.
Therefore it becomes necessary to investigate the importance of instructional
materials in teaching and learning of biology. However, man and animal possess
the necessary abilities for learning. In other words, they are potential
learners. Certain factors within and outside the learner determine how
effectively each individual learn. Instructional materials can be in different
forms such as textual and nontextual, the visual the auditory and
audiovisual. Witwoth and Benson (2003), indicate that there is a need for
research on the use and effectiveness of visual instructional materials in
biology classroom that would enhances its teaching. With these concerns in mind
and the educational development, The current study is carried out to address
the issues associated with the effect of instructional materials in geography
teachinglearning in Senior Secondary schools. Schools should provide enough
instructional materials to enable teachers clarify their lesson. Adequate
infrastructure facilities and condusive atmosphere for effective teaching
learning of geography and retention of what is learnt. Schools should send
their geography teachers to seminars and workshops in order to update their
knowledge.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The effect
of usinginstructional materials in geography teaching learning has been widely
researched but many questions are still remains unanswered. The needs for
exploring locally available materials as an alternative for the grossly
unavailable materials in our schools, resourcefulness of the teacher must be in
line with the learners’ curriculum and environment so that classroom teaching
does not have to be retarded by lack of funds. Hence, government must strive to
develop her local technology in all its ramifications, since geography is
interested in providing solutions to man’s problems holistically. Many writers
in geography have pointed out the grossly unavailability of instructional
materials coupled with teachers attitude towards the utilization during
classroom teachinglearning situations. Instructional materials not available
in our schools, teachers are not improvising and/or reluctant in using them.
Thus, this research attempt to Identify various secondary schools that required
instructional materials in teaching geography, Identify instructional materials
needed for effective teaching and learning of geography in senior secondary
school, Identify instructional materials available in senior secondary schools
and Identify the effectiveness of instructional materials like chalkboard,
funnel board, model real things, overhead projector, tape recorders, radio,
television etc, in the performance of students in senior secondary schools,
Yaba LCDA.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of the study to ensure the effectiveness of the use of effective
teachinglearning of geography in senior secondary schools, Yaba LCDA.
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