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THE EFFECT
OF E-LEARNING ON HIGHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study
primarily focus on how effective the use of E-learning has been on higher
education in Nigeria over the years using Tai Solarin University of Education
as the case study. From the literature reviewed, it shows that use of these ICT
tools have transformed learning and impacted positively on learners and staffs
in developed countries and continue to do so. The main research method used for
the study was survey and questionnaire was administered for 200 students across
the four colleges of the University. The data collected were analyzed using Chi
Square a tool in SPSS. The result shows that E-learning has a positive effect
on higher education in Nigeria both to students and even to the lecturers and
has also improved the standard of education in higher institutions. Students
should possess technical skill to use e-learning resources, a well -equipped
e-learning support center should be made available to assist students’ IT needs
to effectively use e-learning.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The use of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is becoming an integral part of
Education in many parts of the globe. Nigeria is not left behind as ICT
gradually finds its way onto the Educational systems despite chronic
limitations brought about by economic disadvantages. Fundamentally, education
is a discipline like any other; it is a branch of human knowledge which is
basically concerned with getting the young in the society prepared when they
come of age. According to Gbamanja, (1989 : 131), education is a process, which
seeks to change the behavior of a learner. Overall, behaviorist view education
as the process of changing the behavioral pattern of people. Ever since ancient
times people have devised various techniques for communicating their thoughts,
needs and desires to others. In early civilized times, people tend to
congratulate in geographically localized cluster in which communication were
adequately achieved through speech and written messages. As civilization spread
over larger geographical areas, a variety of long - distance communication
methods were tried such as smoke signals, carrier pigeons etc. one of the
earliest known optical links, was the use of fire signal by Greeks in the eight
century B.C. for sending alarms, calls for help, or announcement of certain
events.
However,
According to (Olojo, Adewunmi&Ajisola, 2012) E-learning is the use of
Internet technologies to enhance knowledge and performance. E-learning
technologies offer learners control over content, learning sequence, pace of
learning, time, and often media, allowing them to tailor their experiences to
meet their personal learning objectives. to manage access to e-learning
materials, consensus on technical standardization, and methods for peer review
of these resources. E-learning presents numerous research opportunities for
faculty, along with continuing challenges for documenting scholarship.
Innovations in e-learning technologies point toward a revolution in education,
allowing learning to be individualized (adaptive learning), enhancing learners’
interactions with others (collaborative learning), and transforming the role of
the teacher.
Moreover,
the world is moving at an unimaginable speed in the area of information use and
dissemination. According to Olaniyi (2006), with the use of Information
technology, knowledge and information can be transferred and cross-fertilized
in real time. Hence, the need to pay attention to the way information
technology has changed the educational sector through the internet. E-learning
has been described as one of the educational challenges of the modern age about
which progressive academic institutions must make bold efforts to excel and
compete favorably in the global market where education is a commodity.
Also,
E-learning has become a new paradigm and a new philosophy in library services
as well as educational sector with a mission to serve as a development platform
for present-day society based on knowledge. E-Learning can be describe as all forms of electronic supported learning
and teaching, which are procedural in character and aim to effect the
construction of knowledge with reference to individual experience, practice and
knowledge of the learner. Information and communication systems, whether
networked or not, serve as specific media to implement the learning process.
Today, these
communication systems have become an integral part of everyday life with
circuits spanning the entire world carrying voice, text, pictures and many
other types of information. As recent advances integrated circuits to
technology have allowed computers to become recognized, less expensive and
widely available for all and sundry.
However,
Horton (2005) defined E-learning as the use of internet and digital
technologies to create experiences that educate our fellow human beings.
E-learning is essentially the computer and network enabled transfer of skills
and knowledge. It refers to the use of electronic applications and processes to
learn. Content is delivered via the Internet, intranet/extranet, audio or video
tape, satellite TV, and CD-ROM. It is used by the educational Institutions to
enhance and support the class room teaching and offering courses to a larger
population of learners across the Globe. It can be self-paced or instructor led
and includes media in the form of text, images, animations, streaming video and
audio.
E-learning has the potential to revolutionize
the way we teach and how we learn (DfES, 2003). Advances in ICT have really
revolutionized the way we teach and how we learn in many ways; for instance,
increasing access to post-secondary instruction, improving the availability of
educational resources, and facilitating meaningful interaction among learners. Harnessing the power of ICT has become a
critical strategy among institutions eager to offer an affordable, efficient,
and flexible learning environment for rapidly growing and diverse communities
of learners. Many scholars have viewed distance and online education as
alternative, sometimes inferior, education for individuals with limited access
to traditional higher education institutions (HEIs) or those not committed to
deep learning (Rich, M. 2008). Today, technology
enhanced learning, including distance and online instruction, is recognized as
a viable tool necessary for preparing citizens to participate in the
technologically driven global environment. A multidisciplinary approach to
online pedagogical research recognizes the value of technology enhanced
teaching and learning as critical in the mix of diverse strategies. Its
centrality in the global marketplace has been enhanced by a new culture shared
by many educators. A culture diametrically opposed to elicit views of education
as a privilege.
E-learning
has been used very effectively in university teaching for enhancing the
traditional forms of teaching and administration. Students on many courses in
many universities now find they have web access to the lecture notes and
selected digital resources in support of their study, they have personalized
web environments in which they can join discussion forums with their class or
group, and this new kind of access gives them much greater flexibility of
study.
Therefore,
with the proliferation of the various e-learning technologies in universities
in Nigeria, it is necessary to delve into issues of the effects and impact of
this technology on higher education.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Technology
integration to support education has been underway for many years. E-learning
is not a new phenomenon in promoting education in some parts of world.
Presently, institutions in Nigeria are using it to promote distance education
and it is integrated with the conventional classroom teaching. E-learning can
be viewed as computer assisted learning and comprises all forms of
electronically supported learning and teaching (Olojo, Adewumi and Ajisola,
2012).
Therefore,
it is not out of place to look in depthly into how the introduction of E-
learning has affected either positively or negatively higher education in
Nigeria.
Presently,
Tai Solarin University of education (TASUED) as an institution among several
other universities has also imbibed the use of e-learning for teaching-
learning process whereby, students interact with lecturers online, learn
online, and write examinations online but it is yet at the primary stage.
However,
this research will delve into how effective the introduction of e-learning has
been in the university over the years.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.3.1 Aims:
This study
hopes to look at how beneficial or damaging is the introduction of e-learning
to higher education in Nigeria streamlining our study to TASUED.
1.3.2 Objectives:
i. Examine the effect of e-learning on
higher educational system in Nigeria.
ii. The implications of the
implementation of e- learning to both students and lecturers.
iii. To examine the potential of
e-learning alongside conventional classroom learning and the impact the
integration of the two can have on student’s academic performance.
iv. To investigate the availability and
use of ICT resource in TASUED.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to
achieve the above stated objectives, this study will answer the following
research questions:
· What are the effects of ICT facilities
on the educational system in the Nigeria?
· Is there any effect of the usage of
e-learning technologies on educational system in Nigeria?
· What are the perceptions of students
towards the usage of e-learning in university?
· What are the effects of internet on
the educational system in Nigeria?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H01This is
no significant relationship between E-learning and higher educational system in
Nigeria.
H02There is no significant between
relationship usage of computers and educational system in Nigeria.
H03There is
no significant relationship between use of internet and educational system in
Nigeria.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Higher
educational institutions are increasingly moving toward the use of the Internet
for delivery of their courses, both on campus and at a distance. TASUED being
one of them is not left out of the equation. So, studying the effect of this technology on student and
lecturers in these institutions will put forward the kind of effects it has on
higher education maybe positive or negative.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This
research will relatively focus on the effects that the introduction of
e-learning into higher education could possibly have on students and lecturers
alike. And also seek to propose to a synergy between the face-to-face teaching
and e-learning.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This project
focuses on the effects that e-learning technology has on students and lecturers
in higher institution of learning in Ogun state. Though, the research supposed
to cover all the universities in the state but it has been stream line to just
one of the universities(Tai solarin university of education, Ijagun,
Ijebu-ode.) has been chosen as a case study due to some factors like time
constraint, financial constraint and so many other factors.
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