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THE ELECTORAL
PROCESS AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of the study
Fourth
Republic has elevated corruption, impunity and meddlesomeness to political
creeds that have robbed governance the much needed responsive and caring human
face. This is double jeopardy: bad politics and poor economic
management
characterised by collapsing institutions, disoriented political elites and a
abused, violated, disillusioned and disenfranchised populace, has led to
governance that has failed to deliver the much promised and political
dividends
of democracy (The Nation 2009: 15).
The
project, therefore, in its attempt to explain this ugly phenomenon of failed,
uncaring and unresponsive governance, will link it up to the perennial problem
of the nation’s inability and even unwillingness on the part of the political
class
to put in place a credible, lawful and democratic electoral process. Thus, the
main objective of this research endeavour is to establish a nexus between poor
governance and inability and unwillingness of the managers of the Nigerian
polity to evolve a democratic electoral regime. The crux of the argument is
that
the
failure of governance to meet fundamental needs and aspirations of majority of
Nigerians is largely a product of the crisis of electoral administration
in
Nigeria. Basically, these two issues have come to dominate the discourse on
the
travails of democracy in contemporary Nigeria.
Election
is the most foundational element of modern day representative democracy. In
fact, according to Alapiki (2004: 130), election is:
...the
barometer to measure the political maturity, health, legitimacy and stability
of a democratic governance. It is generally held to be the single most
important indicator of the presence or absence of democratic governance.
Thus,
how a state arranges and conducts its elections tells a lot about the level of
political development of that particular state (Paki and Inokoba 2006: 181).
What is an election? In its most inclusive form, election is defined as: a
form of procedure, recognised by the rules of an organisation, whereby
all or some of the
members
of the organisation choose a smaller member of persons or one person to hold
office or authority in the organisation (International Encyclopaedia of Social
Science 1972: 1). In a rather restricted
sense, Okolie (2005:
436)
defines election as, “the process of selecting the officers or representatives
of an organization or group by vote of its qualified members”. And as a political
phenomenon, elections are institutionalised procedures for choosing
political
office holders by the electorate of a country. In other words, it is a means
through which the electorate choose their representatives into the different
organs (positions) of the government (Paki and Inokoba 2006: 181).
However,
a more encompassing definition was posited by Bain (1964: 162). He conceives
election as: ...the formal process by which the electorate selects
officials and determines the issues submitted to it. It is therefore a
procedure for choosing officials or making binding decisions concerning
policy by the vote of those formally qualified to participate.
The
above position is also in line with the definition offered by the Encyclopaedia
Americana (Vol. 10, 1996), which conceives election as “a procedure for
choosing concerning policy by the vote of those formally qualified to
participate”.
In
a nutshell, from the foregoing, election is a formal procedure recognised by
law as well as a decision taken by the electorate to decide those who occupy
public offices and as well as policy direction of a policy. It is in line with
this position that conceived election as a social contract between the people
and their governors. As such he sees it as “the process by which a person is
linked to an office with due provision for the participation of the people
meant to come under the officer’s authority”. This perception of election as a
framework for forming a government based on popular consent is what makes the
product of transparent and credible elections, a responsible, responsive and accountable
government.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Conducting
free and fair election has been a
weighty
albatross in Nigeria’s repeated attempts
at
sustained democratic governance is a fact
widely
acknowledged. According to the International
Institute
for Democracy and Electoral
Assistance
(IDEA) that the electoral process in
the
country faces many administrative, attitudinal
and
political problems that have consistently
challenge
meaningful, open and democratic
elections
in Nigeria (Nwanuforo 2009).
From
the fallout of previous electoral exercises,
elections
in Nigeria are either undemocratically
guided
or organised to fail or the process
and
the project privatised by sections of
the
political class.
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.
To understand the history of electoral process in osun state
2.
To understand the relevance of electoral process in democratic consolidation
3.
To know the impact of election violence on democratic consolidation
1.4 Research Questions
1.
What is the history of electoral process in osun state?
2.
What is the relevance of electoral process in democratic consolidation
3.
What is the impact of election violence on democratic consolidation
1.5 Research Hypothesis
H0:
There is no relevance of electoral process in democratic consolidation
H1:
Electoral process is relevant in democratic consolidation
H0:
There is a significant impact of election violence on democratic consolidation
H1:
There is no significant impact of election violence on democratic consolidation
1.6 Limitations of the study
There
was limited time and finance during the course of the research
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