ATTITUDINAL APPROACH OF GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES TO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: A CLEAR INDICATION OF DOWNWARD TREND IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
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ATTITUDINAL
APPROACH OF GRADUATES AND UNDERGRADUATES TO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: A CLEAR
INDICATION OF DOWNWARD TREND IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
This paper
analyses undergraduates and graduate attitude and the writing of research
project report at the Enugu State college of Education (Technical) Enugu. A
total number of 300 undergraduates and graduates who formed the sample size
were drawn from the various departments of the selected schools in the school.
The study revealed that greater percentage of undergraduates neither have
favourable attitude nor possessed the prerequisite for carrying out empirical
investigation, graduate on the contrary have favourable attitudes as well as
required knowledge of research. Both undergraduates and graduates view research
as indispensable and agree that it should remain integral part of educational
curriculum.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The prime
place of education in the development effort of nations has never been doubted
the world over.
It is
becoming more and more obvious that the education and research cannot operate
in its way without integrating its work into the great subject of development
of Africa. Unfortunately with few exceptions researchers and students on one
side and the emerging African industry on the other side suffer from the
inability to engage in collaborative projects that would lead to the real
problem solving.
The quality
of education and its output, scientific research, Technology Development and
innovation for Africa will only be valid if are made –in- Africa to solve real
problems of Africans in its own Development challenges.
African
Universities needs to produce agile forward-thinker and leaders who are aware
of the national needs and global trends. At the moment, Africa is suffering
from absence of data for critical analysis and proper planning, preventing and
forecasting issues.
Various
nations including Nigeria, has for long been making efforts to develop this
sector for optimal development.
Although,
much has been achieved in this regard, a lot more needs to be done so that the
ever-increasing challenges of our time and the time to come can be most
effectively confronted.
In Nigeria,
for example, the challenges have been that of poverty, disease, hunger,
illiteracy and general underdevelopment. How we are able to tackle these
problems will reflect on the value and commitment we attach to education, which
according to Professor Backie is the biggest industry that touches on every
fabric of our endeavour.
The system
of education for any country is developed to solve the problem of the country.
Suffice to say that the survival of a country depend largely on the quality of
her educational system.
Nigeria has
adopted education as an instrument ‘par excellence for affecting National
development. In Nigeria’s philosophy of Education, we believe among others that
there is need for functional education for the promotion of a progressive
united Nigeria. To this end, school programms need be relevant, practical and
comprehensive, while interest and ability should determine the individual’s
direction in education. (NPE 2004)
One thing
about education is that it is designed to solve societal problem at a
particular point in time and it becomes counter productive where it can no
longer perform such basic function.
Thus the
integration of research courses and writing of project research in the school
curriculum. Students at the tertiary level of our educational system who offer
courses in the academic discipline of education require an in-depth knowledge
of educational research as a foundation course for their journey into their
academic world and beyond.
Research is
the wheel of progressive of any educational profession. Its importance can
never be overemphasized. Research in Education is justified on the educative
process. These problems require solution based on convincing evidence. Research
is the only credible basis for making rational decisions in the face of several
perplexing situations and conflicting practices that abound in education. these
perplexing situations and conflicting practices are addressed in educational
research from the theoretical and practical view points.
Educational
Research also forms the bedrock of professional preparation of the students, as
no one deserves to be called a graduate without the full grasp of the content
of educational research. This is the reason why it forms an integral part of
educational curricular particularly for the higher institution. As such,
students who gain admission into higher institutions of learning must
singularly or in groups as the case may be participate in research activities
irrespective of field of study.
Inspite of
the academic programmes in educational research in several higher institutions
in Nigeria today, many Nigerians including the ‘academicians’ are yet best
described as ‘Research reluctant’. Thus it is difficult for many scholars to
see the need for any theoretical bases for research courses, much more the need
for any research project work.
With immense
disappointment, many scholars find it difficult to conduct an academic research
freely with minimum tears. These students find it very uneasy to develop
research topics, collect data, present data and analyse data collected fresh
from the field.
Many young
people emerging from our system of higher learning were unable to find their
feet in the labour market. Unemployment
rate increases with the number of graduates that lack professionalism in their
areas of specialization.
Research
problems as used in this context do not refers to the problems encountered by
the researchers in the process of his activities while tackling the problems
that set of the tasks; rather they are the questions the research is posed to
answer.
The issues
at stake in this study is therefore whether students do recognize what
constitute research project effectiveness criteria or whether their emotional
disposition do influence the stability or reliabily of their attitudes towards
research project. Attitudes are very important in life and activities of man as
they determine direction. If individuals have favourable attitude towards
something they approach it or support it. On the other hand, if they have
unfavourable attitude, it leads to avoidance or conflict Eze (2009).
That the
research is contending with poor attitude of students towards it, is
incontestable. Research has been under the influence of wide spread negative
perception of students. A social malady that has nearly defiled all efforts by
the school.
Compared to
the situation up to the late 1970’s, academic publishing in Nigeria, the
concomitant and index of scholarly research, has declined in terms of output,
quality and regularity of publications. This reflects a general decline in the
standard of education Ayodeji Olukoju (2002).
This
situation necessitated this study which investigates attitudes of graduates and
undergraduates towards educational research.
STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
With the
high incidence of very poor attitude of undergraduates/graduates towards
carrying out a credible empirical study in our institutions, with the ripple
effects of having graduates who are half baked, nonfunctional literate
graduates, untrained graduates, and general downward trend in educational system.
Consequently, these problems could lead to making a country un-industrialized
with its attendant problem of low or near zero productivity which leads to high
rate of unemployment.
All the
effort made through the help of the government and the institutions of higher
learning and the education sector seem to have proved abortive. Having noticed
the high incidence of these anomalies, it is only a change in the attitude and
approach of undergraduates/graduates to education research could make a
positive result in reversing the downward trend in the educational system.
PURPOSE OF
STUDY
The broad
objective of the study is to study the attitudinal approach of
graduates/undergraduates to educational research; A clear incidence in the
downward trend in educational system.
The
following are the feature objectives
- To determine whether the
graduates/undergraduates have positive attitude to research work.
- To discover if the graduates
have the knowledge of empirical investigation.
- To determine the quality
standard of educational research work produced by graduates
- To examine our educational
programmes and activities, practices, resource and method
- To proffer solutions.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
The
importance of educational research cannot be over-emphasized. Educational
research forms the bedrock of professional preparation of graduates. No student
is qualified to be called a graduate without certified educational research.
Generally,
this study stands to correct, improve and recommend the right attitude students
should have towards educational research.
The study is
of paramount important to students because educational research work is one of
the bridge through which students must cross to achieve purposeful knowledge,
skills, attitudes and worthwhile values in order to enable them function very
well and contribute meaningfully to the development of the society.
The study
will bring about graduate expert in various fields or activity also bringing as
many trained minds as possible to bear on the general problems and decision
making processes of society and improve quality of life as a whole.
It will
helps reduce social problems such as unemployment by equipping individuals with
the necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes that would enable them to be
gainfully engaged and be in a position to employ others.
It will help
to stimulates technological and industrial development. Thus by producing
research- oriented graduates there is a prospect for our industry.
Understanding
both students initial attitudes toward research courses and research project
should help educators discover and make use of effective teaching strategies
for entry level research course.
The
researcher hoped that this study would benefits the society at large, as no
nation can develop without proper development of its education.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
In other to
effectively carry out this study, the following research questions were
examined
- What percentage of
undergraduates and graduate have positive attitudes towards research.
- Do Graduates have required
knowledge about research work?
- Do Graduates/Undergraduates
see research work as an important aspect of learning?
- Should Educational Research
remain an integral part of educational curricular?
HYPOTHESIS
HO I: There is no significant difference
between the response of graduates and undergraduates on attitude towards
research.
HO II: Knowledge of empirical investigation is
significantly independent of Educational status.
HO III: Significant difference does not exist
between the response of Graduates and undergraduates on the rating of
educational research .
HO IV: There is no significant difference between the
opinion of undergraduates and graduates on whether educational research should
form integral part of educational
curricular..
ASSUMPTION
The final
year undergraduates form the sample for the study.
It is assumed that the final year
undergraduates must have completed their discipline introductory courses, basic
statistics courses and research methodology.
It is also assumed that the graduates
must have at least carried out a
research work once.
DELIMITATION
(SCOPE) OF THE STUDY
Definitely,
poor attitudes of under graduates that lead to the falling standard of
education do not only account for the decline in output and quality of research
project.
There are
several other factors such factor which include the following; method of
teaching research courses (methodology), lecturer’s factor in the area of
supervision, the general school system factor etc.
This study
is delimited to the attitudinal aspect of students approach to Educational
Research. The study could not cover the entire aspect of the problems of
educational research such as poor research, lack of research facilities
(equipment and materials) etc.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Attitude
Attitude as
used in the study is defined as positive, negative or neutral affect towards an
object. The object in this case is educational research.
Educational
Research
This refers
to the thesis presented at the end of departmental course in partial fulfillment
of the requirement for the course of study.
Graduate
A graduate
is someone who is nearing the end of a Bachelors, Masters or Advanced degree or
who has one of these degrees. Candidates will also need to demonstrate that
they have certain qualities that indicate the potential to become a leader.
Graduates
for the case study are the TTC/PDE students of ESCET Enugu.
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