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THE IMPACT
OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ON MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN
NIGERIA.
Abstract
The primary
objective of this study is to examine how the impact of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) in Manpower Development in Nigeria. A case study
of Enugu North L.G.A. In carrying out this study, the researchers were able to
make use of survey research method for data collection. Also, questionnaire was
used to collect data from a target population of 300 respondents, comprising of
computer operators, academics, labour employers, operators of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) and the general public in Enugu State in
particular and Nigeria in general. The researchers asked four research questions
were also raised. The relevant literatures were reviewed for the study. Also,
data generated was interpreted and analyzed. The results obtained showed that
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays an important role in
manpower development in Nigeria in general and Enugu State in particular. It
was also found that manpower development contributes to the socio-political,
economic and other related wellbeing of people living in Enugu State. At the
end of the study, the researchers made a number of recommendations for further
studies and for policy formulation on how Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) plays an important role in manpower development in Enugu North
L.G.A.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
The relationship between manpower
development and the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in
Nigeria cannot be over-emphasized. It is absolutely an indisputable one. The
existence of man on earth is to expand in all aspects of human endeavor both in
the management of existing resources as well as creation of new ones. Man by
nature is adventurous and as such, will always thrive to succeed.
Among many ways he (man) has thrived
to develop his surrounding and improve his environment and other forms of
existence is through manpower development. As days turn into weeks, weeks to
months, months to years, etc., man’s means of survival and development moves
from one idea to the other. For instance, man in the earliest form of his
existence did most of his personal and group works in a crude manner. But as he
advanced, he abandoned the idea of doing most of his works alone and introduced
machines. These compliment man’s effort to succeed.
In line with this idea, man produced
such earliest forms of calculating machines known as “Abacus”, and then adding
machines like calculators, computers and a host of others emerged with the sole
aim of helping man to develop himself and that of his environment. This is to
enable him achieve industrial growth and other forms of manpower development.
The need for manpower development in
any society like ours is to encourage the development of the state (society in
general) in such areas like agriculture, community service, socio-economic
services etc. As Elom and Chukwuanukwu (2006: 24) would state,
The
importance of human resource development (capacity building) in any country
cannot be overstressed. Little wonder the proliferation of tertiary
institutions of learning in Nigeria today that provide opportunity and facility
for the training of the Nigerian workforce… manpower development and training
helps to improve a nation’s economic and political status.
These
objectives have never been realized in Nigeria without some shortcomings. In
line with this, the need to study the relationship between manpower development
and the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Nigeria
becomes very necessary, for a country like Nigeria, in order to succeed in her
bid for the achievement of manpower development. As Ndolo (2006:1) would state
on the relevance of Communication in human existence, he opined that “… every
growth, survival and continuity depends on among other things, a system of
communication, through which people could exchange ideas and feelings. The
system of communication formed the mainstay of all the other systems, which
came to depend on it for effectiveness”.
This is why the researchers will not
isolate the relationship between ICT and communication in general in the
development of manpower in Nigeria, particularly in Enugu North Local
Government Area.
1.2
Statement of Research Problems
The emergence of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) has revolutionalized how man contributes to the
development of different workforces particularly those that bother on human and
material development, for easy manpower growth.
But, there has being a consistent
disparity among the masses that the ICT has not contributed enough to manpower
development while others argue that Information and Communication Technology
has done enough to encourage how manpower is developed in our society today.
Whether the two views held by these people are to be accepted differently or
collectively, will to a great extent be determined by appropriate application
of statistical tools necessary for this study. Also, the place of Information and
Communication Technology in our society will be examined and those hindrances
which do not encourage manpower development will be assessed, particularly in
Enugu North L.G.A This will go along way to determine whether the application
of ICT is necessary for manpower development in areas of skill acquisition,
industrial development, human resource management and a host of others in Enugu
North L.G.A.
1.3
Objectives of the Study
The major
objective of the study is to determine the following factors.
i. To determine if Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) Has a positive Impact in manpower development in
Nigeria.
ii. To determine whether manpower
development has properly applied ICT for its Effective operation in Enugu North
L.G.A.
iii. To find out if computer illiteracy is
a problem of manpower development in Nigeria;
iv. To determine if people living in
Enugu North L.G.A embrace ICT for their socio-Political and economic wellbeing;
v. To determine if ICT have been
effectively used in the overall development of Enugu State in particular and in
Nigeria in general;
vi. To determine whether poverty has
contributed to poor use of ICT for manpower development in Nigeria;
vii. To make recommendations for further
studies on the topic of study and on policy formulation by our captains of
industries both at the federal and state levels.
1.4
Significance of the Study
The major significance of this study
is to understand how Information and Communication Technology has contributed
to the overall development of manpower in Nigeria in general and Enugu state in
particular. Also the study will benefit students of tertiary institutions,
colleges of Education, students of Vocational and Technical schools amongst
others who want to acquire skills through one way or the other using
Information and Communication Technology.
Also, this study will benefit both
employers of labour and their employees in Nigeria on the relevance of ICT in
manpower development. The study will go a long way to benefit Enugu state
government and the Federal Government on how best to make policies and
implement programmes which will encourage appropriate application of ICT for
manpower development in the federal, state and local government levels.
This study will go along way to
promote the socio-political and economic wellbeing of the masses who understand
the relevance of ICT in manpower development in our society.
1.5 Research
Questions
The researchers asked the following
research questions. They include:
1. Do Information and Communication Technology
has positive impact on manpower development in Nigeria?
2. Has Information and Communication Technology
being properly applied for effective manpower development in Enugu North L.G.A?
3. Is computer illiteracy a problem in the
development of manpower in Nigeria?
4. Have people living in Enugu North L.G.A
embraced ICT for their socio-political and economic wellbeing?
1.6
Definition of Terms
The major
terms that formed the topic of this study were defined conceptually and
operationally. They include;
Impact
Conceptual
meaning: The degree in which somebody or some One is involved in a situation or
an activity. The effect of something on a thing.
Operational
meaning: The actual function or role played by ICT in manpower development in
Nigeria in general and Enugu North L.G.A in particular.
Information
and Communication Technology (ICT)
Conceptual
meaning: The study, design, implementation, support or management of computer
based information systems particularly software application and computer
hardware.
Operational
meaning: those software and hardware electronic devices used in manpower development
within and outside Enugu North L.G.A.
Manpower
Development
Conceptual
meaning: The growth and professional advancement of workers needed to do a
particular job.
Operational
meaning: The use of computer and other electronic devices to gather and
disseminate information on how best to develop manpower in Enugu state in
particular and Nigeria in general.
1.7 Scope
and Limitations of the Study
This study intends to cover the entire areas
of our national life that involve manpower development. Such areas include
academic institutions, financial institutions, medicine, labour and
productivity and a host of others. Also, the study will be concentrated on the
ICT such as computer application, internet, e-commerce, etc. it will also cover
how industries train and retrain their staff for proper skill and
professionalism in manpower at state and federal level.
Amongst the limitations of this study are;
1. Limited
Time: Time needed to accomplish this study is too short and as such posed a lot
of challenges to the researchers. This made the researchers to maximize the use
of the available time for the study.
2. Lack of
Basic Infrastructure such as good road network, electricity, communication
networks, etc constituted a great setback during this study.
3. Lack of
Fund: Fund was insufficient and not really available to the researchers to
acquire research tools needed for the study.
Despite these constraints, the researchers
tried to make use of the available research instruments for the purpose of
being objective in the study.
1.8
Assumptions
Based on the objectives of this study, the
research questions asked and the hypotheses formulated, the researchers made
the following assumptions.
1. It is assumed that Information and
Communication Technology makes e an important impact on manpower development in
Nigeria.
2. That Information and Communication
Technology have been applied for manpower development in Enugu state,
particularly Enugu North L.G.A
3. It is assumed that computer illiteracy is a
problem in manpower development in Nigeria.
4. That people living in Enugu North L.G.A.
embraced ICT for their socio-political and economic wellbeing.
5. The researchers assumed that poverty has
been the bane of poor use of ICT for manpower development in Enugu state and
beyond.
6. The researchers also assumed that most of
the hypotheses will be confirmed if given both empirical and logical support.
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