INFLUENCE OF SINGLE PARENTING ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OBIO OKPOI LGA OF RIVER STATE
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INFLUENCE OF
SINGLE PARENTING ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN
OBIO OKPOI LGA OF RIVER STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Education is
of great importance to every nation. It therefore attracts considerable
attention to the family, community and to all tiers of government; education is
discussed, planned and processed (Omolewa, 2001). It is believed that education
recreates both the individuals and the nation, influences values and attitudes
for a worthwhile living. The National Policy on Education (2009) is not wrong
with its assertion that education is “an instrument par excellence” and the
world at large had keyed into this, by recognizing education as the panacea to
development and survival of man itself. It is not surprising therefore that the
processes of education are offered by the three levels– primary, secondary and
tertiary education. As a result, education is classified on the concurrent
list. That is, administration, funding, policy formulation and maintenance of schools
or matters relating to education can both be deliberated upon by the Federal
and State governments. Over the years, there had been public outcry concerning
the fate of educational system in Nigeria and the breeding of graduates with
little technical know–how which has resulted in serious setbacks to the
industrial and economic development of the nation and its place among comity of
nations in the 21st century. Investigations into the factor that influence
academic performance of students in and out-of-school could be trace to
individual family or home. The family or home is an integral part of the
society which is a sub-system of the social structure. It is an axiom that good
homes breed a productive nation .This is the brain-child of why, every society
aspires for development. Everyone has had someone who nurtured them in their
childhood and who they called “family”. No man existed by himself. Everyone
comes from a family. Only few things are more universal than the family. The
family is the only channel through which there can be continuity of life of
human societies. The Bible testifies to this in Genesis 1:28, “And God blessed
them: and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the
earth, and subdue it…” (American Standard Version). Whether single or married,
all parents leave long-lasting impressions on their children’s life and the
single parents are not excluded from the role. However, death, divorce, or
whatever may be the cause of this singularity will likely leave deep impressions
or impact on the emerging personality of the child. What actually matters is
the way the single parent respond to the herculean tasks of single-parenting.
Ahuja (2000) believes that in whichever manner the single parent has dealt with
the parenting challenges, there are deep effects on the child’s character,
individuality, and academic performance as compared to the children whose
parents live together. Being a child to a single parent is a very complex
situation. Children look up to their parents for the gratification of their
first three psychological needs, according to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs, that is, the Physiological needs (food, water, air, shelter), Safety
needs (security), and Love and affection needs. If the parents are confident and
emotionally stable, their children will feel secure and confident. The sense of
belonging to a single parent has a disturbing effect on the child’s
personality. Although, the norms and mentality of many African societies have
changed, many children with single parents are often called bastards, that is
if they have unmarried parents. As it is a social taboo, it always haunts the
child whose mother was never married to his/her father, or when the father
refused to recognize or accept these children as his. They are singled out by
others at school and playgrounds and made fun of. As a result of which they
become reluctant to attend school and socialize.These are parts of the
difficulties that children with single parents have to pass through (Stinson,
2000). The child is the focal point, and without the child, the concept
“parent” is invalid. Researchers in social sciences have identified various
ways in which children display different behaviour patterns depending on the
type of household they come 10 from. Many believe that materialism and
compulsive consumption behaviour in children have been found to be higher in
single-parent households than in dual-parent households. (Amato, P. R., 1987) A
child from homes where both the father and mother are present will be well
taken care of and socialize in the best way possible. This is due to the fact
that the process of socialization depends on both parents playing complementary
roles in bringing up the child. The home is the first and fundamental agent of
socialization. Such a child that is brought up well is likely to achieve
self-actualization later in life, while the children from single-parent homes
are likely to suffer deprivation and denial of some rights and opportunities
(Battle, 1998). Salami (1998) is of the view that, “Children from broken homes
are usually associated with anti-social behaviour and poor academic records”.
Time has really changed. Many of the old customs and traditions which were
taught and practiced for several years are now obsolete. The modern culture has
changed and outgrown the values and beliefs that were thought to be the core
beliefs and values of our society. Even though, moralists and conservatives are
experiencing disgust over the currently evolving belief and cultural systems. The
truth is, what has been unacceptable in the olden days, is now becoming fast
and rapidly rising trends. For decades and even centuries, one of the major
concerning issues to the conservatives, is the issue of single-parenting.
Single-parenting is already becoming a fast and rapidly growing trend in the
society. (Tenibiaje, M. O., 2011).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Time has
really changed. Many of the old customs and traditions which were taught and
practiced for several years are now obsolete. The modern culture has changed
and outgrown the values and beliefs that were thought to be the core beliefs
and values of our society. Even though, moralists and conservatives are
experiencing disgust over the currently evolving belief and cultural systems.
The truth is, what has been unacceptable in the olden days, is now becoming
fast and rapidly rising trends. For decades and even centuries, one of the
major concerning issues to the conservatives, is the issue of single-parenting.
Single-parenting is already becoming a fast and rapidly growing trend in the
society. (Tenibiaje, M. O., 2011)The child is morally upright and emotionally
stable when both parents cooperate in taking good care of him. The family is
the first agent of socialization the child come in contact with, and the family
has a great influence on the child’s physical, mental, moral, emotional,
spiritual, and academic development. The family lays the strong foundation of
education before the child goes to school and the personality that the child
takes to school is determined by the home. “Charity begins at home,” says the
wise ones. Parents have roles to play in the child’s educational development.
It is in view of this that the researcher intend to investigate the influence
of single parenting on the academic performance of secondary school students in
Obio Okpo LGA of River state.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of the study is to ascertain the influence of single parenting on the
academic performance of secondary school students; but for the successful
completion of the study, the researcher intends to achieve the following
sub-objectives;
i) To investigate the influence of
single parenting on the academic performance of secondary school student.
ii)
ii) To ascertain the impact of single
parenting on the psychological well-being of secondary school student.
iii) To ascertain if there is any
significant relationship between parenting and academic performance.
iv) To ascertain the role of parents on
the academic performance of students in secondary schools
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
For the successful
completion of the study, the following research questions were formulated by
the researcher;
i) What is the influence of single
parenting on the academic performance of secondary school students?
ii) Does single parenting has any impact
on the psychological well-being of secondary school student?
iii) What is the relationship between
single parenting and the academic performance of students?
iv) Does parents play any role on the
academic performance of secondary school students?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Hypotheses 1
H0: single
parenting does not have any significant influence on the academic performance
of secondary school students
H1:single
parenting does have a significant influence on the academic performance of
secondary school students.
Hypotheses 2
H0:there is
no significant relationship between single parenting and academic performance
of secondary school students
H2:there is
a significant relationship between single parenting and academic performance of
secondary school students.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is hoped
that the outcome of this study will help to enlighten single parents of the
risks of single parenting, how it affects their children’s academic
performance, and how they can strive to improve their children’s academic
performance. It will also help bachelors and spinsters to prepare very well for
marriage before going into it, so that they will not put the lives of their
unborn children in danger. It will also help students from single-parent homes
to realize the consequences of their present home condition and put in their
best efforts in order to sail through the demeaning tasks of self-study with
ease. This study is also intended to call the attention of marriage counselors
to the damaging effects of broken homes on children’s academic performance, so
that they will help to safeguard marriages that are about to crash.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of
the study covers the influence of single parenting on the academic performance
of secondary school students in Obio Okpoi LGA of Rivers state. However in the
course of the study there are some factors which militated against the scope of
the study;
a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The
research material available to the
researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study.
b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the
study does not enhance wider
coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
c) FINANCE: The finance available for the
research work does not allow for
wider coverage as resources are very limited as the researcher has other academic bills to
cover
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Parents
A parent is
a caregiver of the offspring in their own species. In humans, a parent is the
caretaker or biological parent is a
person whose gamete resulted in a child, a male through the sperm, and a female
through the ovum. Parents are first-degree relatives and have 50% genetic meet.
A female can also become a parent through surrogacy. Some parents may be
adoptive parents, who nurture and raise an offspring, but are not actually
biologically related to the child. Orphans without adoptive parents can be
raised by their grandparents or other family members.
Single
parenting
Single
parenting can be defined as when one out of two people who are responsible for
the nurturing and rearing of a child is not available, and the work meant for
two people is now been carried out by only one person. According to Longman
Dictionary of Contemporary English, a single parent is defined as a mother or
father who looks after children of their own, without the other partner. Single
parenting can be viewed as a situation whereby the duties that require two
parents to carry out on their children is being carried out by a single parent,
either the wife or the husband.
Impact
Encarta
dictionaries (2009) define impact as “the powerful or dramatic effect that
something or somebody has on something or somebody.
Academic
Performance
According to
Encarta dictionaries (2009), academic relates to education, educational
studies, an educational institution, or the educational system. Encarta
dictionaries (2009) also define performance as the manner in which something or
somebody functions, operates, or behaves. Academic performance can then be
defined as how well one performs in his/her studies and classes in an
educational institution or system.
Student
Oxford
Advanced Learners’ Dictionary (6th edition) defines student as a person who is
studying at a university or college. It also defines student as a person who is
studying at a school, especially a secondary school.
1.9ORGANIZATION
OF THE STUDY
This
research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as
follows. Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the
(background of the study), statement of the problem, objectives of the study,
research questions, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope of
the study etc. Chapter two being the review of the related literature presents
the theoretical framework, conceptual framework and other areas concerning the
subject matter. Chapter three is a
research methodology covers deals on the research design and methods adopted in
the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation
of finding. Chapter five gives summary,
conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
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