ADMINISTRATION OF COMPANY INCOME TAX IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND PROCEDURES

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ADMINISTRATION OF COMPANY INCOME TAX IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND PROCEDURES

ABSTRACT

The study examines the Administration of Companies Income Tax in Nigeria: Problems and Procedures. Taxation patterns throughout history are largely explained by administrative consideration. The tax structure of any economy tends to vary substantially according to the level of development reflecting the availability of tax bases and administration capacity. To provide focus for the study, research questions and hypotheses were formulated. Data collected through the use of questionnaire was analyzed using Chi-square statistical technique. The major findings, amongst others, include that the Federal Inland Revenue Service encounter problems in the administration of companies income tax and these problems include lack of cooperation from taxpayers, staffing problem, problems ascertaining the assessable income of individuals/ corporations; problem of tax avoidance and tax evasion by companies. The based on its finding, the study suggested some recommendations, amongst which include the board should have the names and addresses of all the taxpayers, seek information concerning them and ascertain the correctness or otherwise of such information supplied by the taxpayers to enhance distribution of notices of assessment and collection of tax. To bring the barest minimum the problem of tax evasion and avoidance particularly among the self-employed persons, they should be made to show evidences of tax payment or exemption from tax payment before granting them various amenities and patronage. Taxpayers should be educated on the importance of paying tax, the purposes for which their tax are been discharged. The revenue department should try as much as possible to secure the respect and trust of the public so as to gain the tax payers cooperation.

TABLE OF CONTENT:

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Research Problem

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Research Questions

1.6 Research Hypothesis

1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition

1.8 Assumptions

1.9 Limitations of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Sources of Literature

2.2 The Review

2.3 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Method

3.2 Research Design

3.3 Research Sample

3.4 Measuring Instrument

3.5 Data Collection

3.6 Data Analysis

3.7 Expected Result

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1 Data Analysis

4.2 Results

4.3 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

5.2 Recommendations for Further Study

Bibliography

TABLE OF CONTENT:

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Statement of the Research Problem

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.5 Research Questions

1.6 Research Hypothesis

1.7 Conceptual and Operational Definition

1.8 Assumptions

1.9 Limitations of the Study

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Sources of Literature

2.2 The Review

2.3 Summary of Literature Review

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Method

3.2 Research Design

3.3 Research Sample

3.4 Measuring Instrument

3.5 Data Collection

3.6 Data Analysis

3.7 Expected Result

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1 Data Analysis

4.2 Results

4.3 Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

5.2 Recommendations for Further Study

Bibliography

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

According to Punkett (1979) accounting is the oldest profession. Infact since prehistoric times families had to account for food and clothing to face the cold season. Later as man began to trade we established the concept of value and developed monetary system. Evidence of accounting records can be found in the Babylonian empire (4500bc) in pharaoh’s Egypt and in the code of Hammurabi (2250b.c). Eventually with the advent of taxation record keeping became a necessity for government to sustain social orders.

The Italian renaissance brought the artistic accomplishment of man to new height. At this time Venice was the business cradle of Europe and it was here among merchants that double entry accounting was invented and practiced.

However auditing started when ownership was separated from administration .this was first seen in Ancient Greece where government al accounting records (for the monarchs) were certified as true and fair only after a public hearing in which the account s were read aloud to the hearing of the people based on whose response (i.e. either affirmation or denial) the monarch either affirm by saying “I hear” or reject by being silent.

According to Oladipupo (2005) the social relevance of auditing in this crude form was mainly to detect if such public officers have upheld their stewardship position and the basis of which their reappointment into earlier occupied position lies. From the Medieval times on through the industrial revolution audits were made to determine whether persons in position of fiscal responsibility in government and commerce were accounting and reporting in an honest manner. During the industrial revolution as manufacturing concern grew in size their owners began to use the service of hires managers. With this separation of ownership from management the absentee owners turned increasingly to auditors to protect themselves against the dangers of fraud by both manager and employees.

In Nigeria or elsewhere in the world, the shareholders (owners) are separate from the management. This is more pronounced where such companies are quoted in the stock exchange. The day to day running of the business is however vested on management who help to implement policies of the board while the owners’ responsibility is just to pool their resources together to fund the activities of the company and they bear the ultimate risk in the event of failure. Therefore the owners appoint auditors or need audit of financial report in order to have confidence or faith in such report prepared by management and know if the drafted financial statement gives a true and fair picture of the financial position operating result and changes in the financial position.

Improper accounting record keeping by management is aimed at reporting the financial statement of a firm in a wrong position which conflict with the basic aim of accounting regulation to provide consistent and comparable financial information to users. Improper record keeping has been the root of a number of accounting scandal like ERON and WorldCom. When discovered at any time that proper accounting records where not kept by management they should be made to face the wrath of the law. The effect of improper record keeping is enormous. Keeping of improper accounting records could mislead the auditor thereby making their report n not to be reliable. This could reduce the auditor’s actual standard of performance.

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

Presently we observed that companies that are being audited and shown to be healthy run into financial crisis within a short time. It happens probably because management do not keep proper accounting record that will be sufficient for an auditor to carry out his work.

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION

In the light of the above the following questions were asked

1. What are the records that are necessary for auditor’s performance?

2. Does management keep such records?

3. Does proper record keeping enhance auditor’s performance?

1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

The following are the objectives of this research

1. To find out the records that are necessary for auditor’s performance.

2. To find out whether management keep such records.

3. To find out whether proper record keeping enhance auditor’s performance

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of accounting records lies in the fact that it holds true for all uneven situation and keeping a proper note of financial transaction can prove useful for a company in times of problematic condition. So whether business is big or small accounting records prepared in the proper manner will never lose value and is always recommended so that the business can potentially grow and outgrow others and stand as a reputable organization.

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is limited to accounting record keeping and auditor’s performance in the banking industry in EDO STATE .This study specifically focuses on the roles played by management of banks in preparing proper accounting records and how auditors perform in the examination of such records.

1.7 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

The following statement of hypothesis was tested in this research

1. H₀ management does not keep accounting records

H₁ management keep accounting records

2. H₀ proper record keeping does not enhance auditor’s performance

H₁ proper record keeping enhance auditor’s performance

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OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF small MFIs in Nigeria(MSC)

YOU CAN CALL US BACK FOR THE COMPLETE THESIS. WE CAN ALSO HELP YOU WITH CORRECTIONS FROM YOUR SUPERVISOR. PLEASE CALL 08068231953, 08168759420 MSC THESIS TOPIC: OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF small MFIs in Nigeria(MSC) Abstract The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between ownership structures, corporate governance and the performance of small MFIs in Nigeria. Interest in this study was as a result of poor performance of these MFIs as indicated in the AMFIU Annual report of 2006. The study therefore sought to determine if this could be attributed to their ownership structures and therefore governance levels. A cross sectional survey design was used to undertake this study using a sample of 65 MFIs from which responses from 44 MFIs were received; giving a response rate of 67.7%. Findings of the study reveal that ownership structures and corporate governance are significant predictors of MFI performance accounting for 42.4%

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ADMINISTRATION OF COMPANY INCOME TAX IN NIGERIA: PROBLEMS AND PROCEDURES

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