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CRISIS
MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT ( A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH L.G.A)
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 GENERAL BACKGTROUND TO THE SUBJECT MATTER
Local
Government inNigeriahas been
characterized by instability and disruptions emanating from one from of crisis
or the other. These crisis that were
often promoted by the activities of
central government usually led to complete
dissolution and take over of the functions of the local government by
the state government.
In other
words, local government in this country has always been subjected to the whims
and caprices of the state government. They were never firmly established to
make any contribution to the construction of a stable and deeply rooted polity
as the “panchayata, institutions seen to have done inIndia”.
The various
local government reforms and particularly the 1976 reform were thus interracial
armed at stabilizing and rationalizing
government at the local level.
Unfortunately however the chosen implementation strategies seem to have resulted in unanticipated policy out
comes.
As this
matter of fact, by the end of 1983 it was clear to all that the aims of the
1976 reforms to create autonomous and viable local government system in the
country had not couldn’t be realized. It
is our belief that this was government system to effectively handle the forms
of crisis that effected it during this
period.
It is
against this background that the topic “crisis management in local government
system inNigeriawas chosen.
1.2
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBJECT MATTER
Every crisis
has four main stages and allowing each crisis to pass through the four stages
has been the bone of effective local government administration inNigeria.
The four
stages of crisis includes:
i. Prodromal stage (every warning stage)
ii. Acute stage
iii. Chronic stage
iv. Resolution stage
crisis
management aims to avoid the acute and chromic stages of crisis. A crisis is
said to be effectively managed if it moves from the prodromal to resolution stages. We are aware that this
has not been the case in the local government.
If we look
at the second republic 1979 to 1983, and the last civilian local government
administration 1988 to 1989, there were various crisis which include:
i. Financial crisis
ii. power crisis
iii. Man power crisis
iv. Political crisis
v. Crisis of confidence
The entire
above crisis were unfortunately allowed to go through the four stages and had
their unpleasant effect on local government administration in the country.
Enugunorth
local government , our case study, is a very good exam[le of the effect of
allowing a crisis of through the four stages.
The local
government particularly during the 1988 to 1989 local government administration
was afflicted by crisis. These crisis
went through the full cycle and the
effect was intervention by both the federal and the state government.
There were
also casa of polarization of the council in many local government which is some
cases ended with chairman removing their supervisory councilors. The peculiar
circumstance of the creation and existence of local government coupled with the unpredictability of its political
and administrative environment inNigeria
largely accounts for the appeal of this topic.
“Crisis
management inNigerialocal government administration to the author.
Unfortunately, it is clear from the prevailing
literature that only very little work if any has been done by scholars
and practitioner.
In view of
the lapse identified an inquiry into
crisis management inNigerialocal
government has become most imperative.
It is hoped that this inquiry will stimulate near dimension and
direction of crisis management.
Above all,
its overall objectives could be the search for an effective and efficient local
government ministration inNigeriawhile the specific will focus on evolving new
strategies for building administrative base for local government in the
country.
1.3
PROBLEMS THAT THE STUDY WILL BE CONCERNED WITH SOLUTION.
The
objectives of this study includes:
i. To examine the existing method of
handling crisis in local government administration in the country and ascertain
how far local government are performing within the bounds of available
manpower.
ii. To examine the structure of local
government relevance toNigerialocal government with particular reference to
power relationship.
iii. To examine the inter-governmental
relationship existing and byNigeriathree level of government and by extension
ascertain the constraints on crisis management inNigerialocal government.
iv. To attempt to appraise the existing and
potential manpower for the local government
v. To explore worker’s attitude to local
government administration with a view of explaining the extents for Nigeria
local government in the light of the findings and logically recommend ways for
effective crisis management in local government through the country.
1.4
THE IMPORTANT OF STUDYING THE AREA.
Local
governments are established for political administrative and service provision
purposes, which are further discussed below.
POLITICAL: The establishment of local government is
often linked with the desire to promote democracy. The first consideration in this regard must
be into participation which if
offers. Democracy in a simple sense is a
system of self-rule instituted to provide the authority or council of the local
government, which is popularly selected.
Participation
at this level is not merely an end in
itself it also serves to provide political training for local leaders and
inculcate in the local populace democratic tenants to protect liberty, which is
endangered through exercise
centralization of powers.
ADMINISTRATION: Modern states are geographically expensive
and are also called upon to perform a large variety of functions and services.
The size and complexity of modern government compel one forms decentralization
or the other if-the central government is not to collapse out of excessive over
loading or if many important functions and services are not suffer neglect.
Local government is one of the most preferred
forms decentralization because it allows
for genuine decongestion of the central government as decision making powers
and control of necessary resources are transferred to localities where they are
expeditiously exercise to deal with local problems.
Secondary,
local government is likely to promote greater efficiency in the provision of
service merely by breaking the bulk of government workload, local government
reduces it to manageable proportions, but above all it can harass local
knowledge resources and expertise behind the administration of local
affairs. Many local factors like
demography customers and tradition, socio-economic conditions and the local
power structure constrain the usefulness of national solutions local problem.
SERVICES: Local government are impaired to provide
Certain services in their areas of jurisdiction. As a matter of fact without
the service provision role, there might be no point at to the existence of
local government. The government
inNigeria was guided by three main criteria under the 1979 local government
reforms. The functions development to local government are those:
a. Which require detailed knowledge for
efficient performance.
b. In which success depends on community
responsiveness and participation.
c. Which are of personal native requiring
provision close to where the individual affected line, and in which significant
use is needed. The big question now is, to what extent had the local government
achieve these purpose for its establishment it was clear that before the 1976
reforms local government were established and abolished with reckless abandon,
their functions and abolished needlessly
ended and their reduced to achieve political was terminated the local
government had not fulfilled the purpose for which they were established. Matters were not better after the 1976
reforms. The reasons are traceable to the crisis and instability that had
characterized the local government.
In view of
the above, the significance of this study, which is aimed at developing an
effective crisis management tool and this creating a relatively stable
environment became clear to make reasonable progress towards activity the
purpose for their creation, local government require relatively stable environment
tool which is what this study is all about.
1.5
DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS.
In the
course of this study, certain key concepts are met along the line which many be
given different interpretation. For the purpose of this study therefore the
following working/operational definitions are given to such concepts thus:
i. CRISIS: This is an unusually situations the
outcome of which is uncertain or capable of generating conflicts.
ii. LOCAL GOVERNMENT: This is government at local level exercise
through representative council established by lan to exercise specific power
within defined areas.
iii. CRISIS MANANGEMENT: Any measure that
plans in advance for a crisis for turning point any measure that removes the
risk and uncertainly from a given
situation and thereby allows one to be more in
control of ones is named a form of crisis management.
iv. RURAL DEVELOPMENT: This is the process of providing in habitants
of the rural areas with basis
infrastructure and amenities which would enhance their standard of living it
means the came thing as developing rural areas.
v. CENTRAL AND REATIONAL GOVERNMENT: This means the same thing as federal and
state government respectively.
vi. GOVERNMENT: This can be defined as an academic
field of study or political science. As a political science it looks into the
functions and relationship of the organs concerned or state.
2. PROPROMAL: This simply mean’s initial take off stage of
the crisis. When it is not noted by the management prodromal is the early time were the crisis has been
emanate.
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