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EVALUATION
OF GRADUATES EMPLOYABILITY OF FACULTY OF EDUCATION STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
University
education is at the centre of human resource development. Professional and
highly skilled personnel such as Engineers, Administrators/Managers,
Accountants, Surgeons and Para-Medics, Lawyers, Scientist, Technicians and
Lecturers in various disciplines among others are trained and developed in the
Universities. The world over, the fundamental mission of Universities,
according to Brubacher (cited in Anho, 2011) is to promote the life of the mind
through intellectual inquiry and to generate, store and transmit specialized
knowledge and sophisticated expertise, higher forms of culture and ethical
bases of conduct.
The World
Bank (1999) justify the usefulness of University education to a nations
development and well being when it states that particularly University
education, is fundamental to the construction of a knowledge economy and the
society in all nations.
Given the
contributions of education, especially at the tertiary level, to national
development, countries, individuals, communities and corporations often invest
massively in education in a bid to uplift the quality of their educational
system (Akinyemi, Ofem and Ikuenomore, 2012).
The Nigerian
Institute of Personnel Management NIPM (2000) noted that the quality of
graduates both from public and private universities in Nigeria is on a rapid
decline especially in the area in respect of valuable skills including;
communication, technical abilities, human interaction, social, conceptual and
analytical capacity. To collaborate this, the Nigerian Employers Consultative
Association NECA (2000) asserted that companies are not recruiting but adopting
employment protection strategies due to the very poor quality graduates from
the public universities who do not meet the demands of industry.
In response
to this, the Nigerian government has taken different measures to ensure that
the quality of graduates from public universities is enhanced by strengthening
external control and monitoring, thus establishing the National Universities
Commission (NUC) that came up with the Maximum Academic Standards (MAS) for all
undergraduate programmes. The MAS stipulates the content of the curriculum as
well as the minimum entry and graduation requirements for each academic
discipline.
The National
Universities Commission (NUC) has remained the major government controlled external
quality assurance agency. According to Okebukola (2005) the NUC emphasize that
accreditation is a core component of quality assurance. This is in tandem with
the United States Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA, 2005) which
recommends that accreditation should be a vital mechanism for students,
families, government officials and the public to be made aware that an
institution or programme provides quality education.
Despite the
available internal control measures in Senate and the external functions of the
NUC through the use of MAS documents, and other measures, inadequacies in staff
facilities and managerial quality continue to exist as most public universities
in Nigeriachurn out graduates in a geometric progression while nothing or
little is being done to address their employability in the labour market.
Dabalen et
al (2000) and Ogundowole (2002) have identified possible causes of low quality
of graduates in the developing countries. According to them, one of these is
decline in quantity assurance which is reflected in the high rate of human
capital flight. Whether in fact quality of education is negatively or
positively related to university graduates employability is an issue that
remains opened to empirical studies. Thus the undertaking of this study will
evaluate graduates’ employability of science based faculties in Lagos State
universities.
1.2 Statement of Problem
The
instructional processes in our public universities have lost their rigor as
many institutions can no more function well. The adduced reasons for this
problem include insufficient fund, incompetent and inadequate staff to carry
out quality teaching.
The
importance of quality education in the public universities system cannot be
overemphasized, according to the National Manpower Board (2009) the Nigeria
labour market can barely absorb 10% of the over 3.8 million persons turned out
by the Nigeria educational system on a yearly basis; this lay a major
importance on quality assurance in making graduates from public universities in
Nigeria to be competitive with their counterparts from private and overseas
institutions.
Another
unfortunate development is that our school system produces “quarter” baked
graduates, majority of them are unemployable. Most employers prefer Nigerians
with foreign certificates. Nigerian universities produce graduates whose skills
are suspect, making it difficult for them to be recruited. The reasons for this
include admission overload, poor funding of universities and the “sorting”
syndrome (Adawo, Essien and Ekpo, 2012).
In brief,
the unemployment trends in Nigeria indicate that, without a concerted effort to
tackle the problems of graduates’ employability from public universities the
situation could get worse. It is against this backdrop that this study seeks to
evaluate graduates’ employability of science based faculties in Lagos State
universities.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The study
will be conducted with the following objectives:
i. To examine the relationship between
quality of education in public universities and graduates’ employability in
Lagos State.
ii. To examine the differences in the
employability of graduates from public and private universities.
iii.
To identify current challenges hindering public universities graduates’
employability in the labour markets.
1.4 Research Questions
This study
will be guided with the following research questions:
1. What is the relationship between quality of
education in public universities and graduates’ employability in Lagos State?
2. Is there any difference in the employability
of graduates from public and private universities?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study
will serve as feedback to the education sector especially the departments of
Teacher Training and Development and Curriculum and Evaluation. The study will
influence policy formulation pertaining to the training of teachers/lecturers
in the future.
The outcomes
of the study will also be useful to university students, like students in the
field of education management when doing a likely research. The study would be significant to policy
makers and implementers at large, as they would make use of the findings and
recommendations of this study.
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