FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MASS FAILURE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL (Case Study of Logo Local Government Area of Benue State)
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FACTORS
ASSOCIATED WITH MASS FAILURE OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL STUDIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL (Case
Study of Logo Local Government Area of Benue State)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Over the years, there have been
growing concerns about the attitude of students towards the study of social
studies in secondary schools. The need
to adapt our education to the needs of the Nigerian society started before and
after independence. Many educational
elites began to recognize that the functional inadequacies of the educational
system inherited from the colonial education failed to develop positive values,
attitudes and habits in our society because the social studies they taught was
British oriented and has nothing to offer to the Nigerian child.
Fafunwa
(1974) observed that the present educational system instead of developing
positive values in the society which the African child lives, tends to alienate
him from his cultural environment. This
was the reason behind the re-evaluation of the educational system and the
curriculum of the school and objectives that are relevant to the society.
The major ideas and philosophies
behind the curriculum innovation in the 1969 Naional Curriculum Conference
according to Akinlaye (2001) were:
1. The need to make education more relevant
to the needs of the individuals and the society.
2. The need to use education for national
integration and socio-economic development.
3. The need to develop the right societal
value and;
4. The need to make an individual
responsible to the society in which he lives.
This has
been the case, the National Policy on Education (2004) has in recognition the
important role social studies will play towards the achievement of the
country’s educational aims and objectives.
Thus, social studies was made a core subject. Hence, there is a greater responsibility
for social studies teachers in Nigeria today than the days before independence,
this is because the Nigerian youths now live in an environment characterized by
social ills and moral decadence which have to be curbed at all cost. The youths therefore need social studies
education which focuses on the problems and issues of human beings in their
changing environments and seeks to devlop desirable habits, values, attitudes
and skills in order to solve them.
Researchers have concentrated much on
the cognitive aspect of teaching in our secondary schools because of the
importance attached to success in public examinations, however, there is an
interplay between the cognitive and affective areas of teaching. For example, Taylor (2001) and Gunsch (2005)
have shown that there is a relationship between interest and developments in
different school subjects, therefore, it is believed that favourable attitude
towards social studies may influence to a considerable extent the uptake of
knowledge in social studies.
Studies relating to specific aspects
of pupils’ attitude towards social studies and other related subjects have been
undertaken by several researchers.
Jekayinfa (2007) has reported that high grade in social studies at lower
forms is a factor that can pull students to history in the secondary schools in
Nigeria. In the study of factors
associated with interest in science, Ormerod and Dukworth (2000) have also
identified a number of factors like personality, home and other environmental
factors among American and British High School students.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
The poor attitude of students towards
the study of social studies in secondary schools in Logo Local Government is in
an unsatisfactory state of affairs and imbalance in the educational sector in
particular and the nation’s development in general.
Social studies as a core subject in
the junior secondary school level suggest the importance the government,
parents and students themselves attach to the study.
The phenomena increase in students’
attitude towards the study of social studies in junior secondary schools should
not be allowed to remain for too long unattended to.
The need to motivate students to
develop positive attitude towards the study of social studies in secondary
school and to create a conducive environment for studying social studies is not
disputable and cannot be over-emphasized.
The unfortunate thing is that
students’ attitude towards the study of social studies in schools is fraught
with a lot of problems. There is a
general belief that whenever students perform poorly in their courses the
teacher has not really taught them well.
People hardly look at the problem from the point of view of the
student’s attitude towards the courses; the problem of this study therefore is
to ascertain why students have poor attitude towards the study of social
studies in secondary schools.
1.3 Research
Questions
1.) Does
noise pollution hinder the development of memorization skills by pupils?
2.) Does the
presence of rich but illiterate businessmen discourage excellent academic
performance or behaviour in class?
3.) Do
Pupils who indulge in so much domestic chores have poor academic performance
than pupils who do not?
1.4 Research
Hypothesis
H0: There is
no significant difference between the attitudes of male and female students
towards the study of social studies.
1.5
Objectives of the Study
The general
objective of this study is to know the factors associated with mass failure of
students in social studies in primary schools. The following specific
objectives are to guide the study:
1. To
determine the extent to which a noisy environment hinders the development of
memorization skills by primary school pupils.
2. To find
out how the presence of illiterate but rich businessmen affect the behaviour of
primary school pupils towards learning.
3. To
ascertain the ways in which the home environment affects the performance of
primary school pupils at school.
1.1.6
Significance of the Study
As Nigeria is still a developing
nation, it is hoped that the findings of this research will encourage various
governments to provide conducive environment, teaching aids and qualified
teachers for effective study of social studies in secondary schools.
This study is of educational
importance because it is believed that if social studies teachers in secondary
schools understand the factors which stimulate the growth of interest in social
studies, such knowledge may provide bases not only to make social studies
popular but also to make the teaching of social studies humanizing.
Re-orient
students with negative attitude towards the study of social studies in
secondary schools. Assist the government to identify students’ attitude towards
the study of social studies in secondary schools. Serve as a basis for other
researchers who are carrying out investigation on similar problems facing the
development of education in Nigeria. Help teachers and educational planners to
acquire knowledge of solving problems associated with the attitude of students
towards the study of social studies in secondary schools.
1.7 Scope of
the Study
The scope of this study is to
ascertain the Factors Associated With Mass Failure Of Students In Social
Studies In Primary School Case Study of Logo Local Government Area of Benue
State.
1.8
Limitation of the Study
A research of this nature requires
adequate time to ensure thorough work, but the time allowed for this study was
limited.
Some respondents may not have
provided accurate and sincere answers that represent the true situation
required for some of the questions in the questionnaire.
The researcher experienced a lot of
problems during the process of this study which are as follows:
1. delay in administration of questionnaire
due to public holidays.
2. typing and administration of extra
copies of questionnaire because some respondents did not return their copies.
3. appealing to the principals of some of
the schools used for the study due to interruption of lectures.
1.9
Definition of Concepts
The
following concepts were defined:
Influence:
According to the Sun Mobile Dictionary, the term influence is the "power
to affect another". The Oxford Advanced learner's dictionary defines
influence as "the effect that somebody or something has on the way a
person thinks or behaves or on the way that something works or develops".
Environment:
The Sun Mobile Dictionary defines Environment as "surrounding, things,
conditions, etc." The Oxford Advanced learner's dictionary defines it as
"the conditions that affects the behaviour and development of somebody or
something; the physical conditions that somebody or something exists in".
Academy: The
Sun mobile dictionary refers to the concept academy as a "school". A
school on the other hand is a place of learning. A school is a place where
children are thought (Oxford mini School Dictionary: 2007). A primary school
can therefore be called an Academy.
Performance:
The Oxford advanced learner's dictionary defines the term performance as
"How well or badly you do something". Performance as directly related
to this study can also be defined as how well or badly pupils of Primary
schools do in there academic work.
Academic
Performance: This can be define as the score a child or individual obtain in
test or examination based on his or her learning experiences.
Socio
status: This is the total state of an individual based on inequality in terms
of occupation, level of education and other societal issues defined by the
environment.
Education:
This is a formal instruction or training given to a child in school. According
to the 6th edition of the Oxford dictionary, it is a process of teaching,
training and learning, especially in schools or colleges to improve knowledge
and develop skills.
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