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PERCEPTION
OF PARENTS ON OVER-SCHOOLING OF CHILDREN AT THE PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
Over-schooling
at the pre-primary school is a serious violation of the provisions of National
Policy on
Education. It is seen as over burdening, over tasking and over-tutoring of the
preprimary
school
children. The study was carried out to ascertain the perception of parents on
overschooling
of these
young children using Onitsha educational zone as the area of study. Five
research
questions and two null hypotheses were formulated while a descriptive survey
design
was
employed. The population of the study was made up of 2,440 parents of young
children who
attend
private pre-primary schools in the Onitsha educational zone. Parents’
Perception on Overschooling
of Children
Questionnaire (PPOCQ) was used for data collection. The questionnaire
was
validated by three experts while the trial testing was done outside the area of
study.
Cronbach
alpha method was used to establish the internal consistency of the instrument.
Data
collected
were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and
t-test
statistic
was used to test the hypotheses formulated to guide this study. The findings of
the
research
showed that there was over-schooling at this level of education, but
unfortunately the
parents were
ignorant of its negative influences on the young children. The study
recommended
among other
things that parents should be part of the decision making body of the
pre-primary
schools,
that is, being part of the Parent-Teacher Association of the schools.
1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
The concept
of a child differs from one culture to another. Some cultures regard one as a
child if one
is not married, no matter one’s age. According to Opara (2012), a child is a
young
person,
especially between infancy and youth. In the Nigerian Legal system, a child is
one that is
below the
age of 18 years. This is because the person cannot vote or be voted for. He/she
is not
also
qualified to drive. This is in line with article 1 of the Convention on the
Right of the Child
by United
Nations. Furthermore, Umobi and Igu (2010) define a child as a boy or a girl at
any
age between
infancy and adolescence, a new infant, or a person of any age in relation to
his
parents.
The Federal
Republic of Nigeria (2004) in her National Policy on Education posits that
the
pre-primary school child falls within the age bracket of 0-6 years while
Maduewesi (1999)
views
pre-primary school children as young children between 2-5 years engaged in
specially
designed
academic programmes before the age of formal schooling. It is necessary that
all who
are involved
in the education of the child understand and get acquinted with the pre-primary
school
child.
The
pre-primary school children possess certain characteristics which are peculiar
to
them.
According to Abidoye and Agusiobo (2000), these pre-school children are
egocentric. That
is, they
view the world from their own perspectives. They are curious in nature. Their
world is
filled with
excitement. The curiosity varies according to the center of interest at any
given time.
The children
love exploration and in fact, they are investigators. Their love for
exploration is
1
2
demonstrated
in their spoiling of new toys and trying to put them together again. Abidoye
and
Agusiobi(2000)
see the children as being energetic and because of this, they cannot sit still
for
long periods
of time. They prefer to do things than listen. Even while listening, they move
their
bodies
restlessly. These pre-school children like to achieve their objectives. They
often spend
unusual
length of time and efforts to solve problems that interest them. Problem solved
gives
them a
feeling of satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. Hence, they are
persistent.
More
interestingly, children are valuable assets from God.
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