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A STUDY OF
THE EFFECT OF TEAMWORK ON PRODUCTIVITY: A STUDY OF GENERAL HOSPITAL CALABAR
Project
Abstract:
This study
investigated The Effect of Teamwork on Productivity: A Study of General
Hospital, Calabar. The survey research method was adopted for the generation of
primary data from a random sample of respondents drawn from the population.
Data were analyzed and hypotheses tested using descriptive and Pearson Product
Moment Correlation Statistical tool respectively. The study revealed that there
is a significant relationship between teamwork and training in General
Hospital, Calabar. The finding showed that teamwork and development have
significant effect on the productivity of General Hospital, Calabar. It
concluded that, teamwork is part of organizational life that must be harness to
achieve high productivity and employee performance. The study recommended among
others that, the management of General Hospital, Calabar should encourage
teamwork (e.g. by involving staff(s) in the same task) composed of staff(s) who
have complementary skills and knowledge relevant to task or role of critical importance
to the organization.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Team can be
described as a group of people who work together to achieve the same goals and
objectives for the good of the service users and organizations in order to deliver
a good quality of service. Team building, planning events and activities have
the potential to bring the people you employed to a strong sense of direction,
workable plans and solutions, a powerful feeling of belonging with and on the
team and clear strategic customer-focused values. Poor team building and
planning sessions bring disillusionment, low morale and negative motivation of
the entire organization. They fail to deliver the results expected.
Organizations flounder with little strategic direction. Everyone works hard,
but, usually on the wrong tasks and goals. Employees take baby steps toward
accomplishing key action items and nothing important is finished (Husain,
2011).
Team work is
the ability to work together towards a common vision. Teamwork is a fuel that
allows common people to attain uncommon results. Collective action is widely
recognized as a positive force for teamwork in any organization or institution
to succeed. Teams enable individuals to empower themselves and to increase benefits
from cooperative work engaged on as a group. Getting together with others also
can allow individuals to better understand the importance of teamwork and how
the organization operate as well as promote the culture of teamwork success.
Without teamwork houses take long to build, government collapse and companies
are outshined by their competitors in the market and lastly without teamwork
people loose their inspiration (Husain, 2011). According to Wageman (1997)
“company’s teamwork is the only way anything gets accomplished with quality and
efficiency and a major reason why economic growth is under control and
company’s success is scrutinized by top management to achieve the desired
goals”.
McShone
(1998) said that teams are replacing individuals as the basic building blocks
of organization – French language television programs has shifted to team-based
projects and giving more recognition to teams than to individuals. Companies
are not just looking for technical ability but looking for people who can work on
teams and solve problems.
According to
Steiner (1972) teams and teamwork are not novel concepts; teams and team
thinking have been around for years at companies such as Procter and Gamble;
and Botany. In the 1980s the manufacturing and auto industries embraced a new
team-oriented approach when United States firms retooled to combat Japanese
competitor who were quickly gaining market share. Brown et al (1996) examined
that managers discovered the large body of research indicating that teams can
be more than the tradition corporate structure for making decisions quickly and
efficiently. He further said that teams needed for the restructuring and
reengineering processes of the future giving instances that simple changes like
encouraging input and feedbacks from workers on the line make dramatic
improvements.
Even from
time of creation, God applied the concept of teamwork when he said, ‘‘Let us
make man in our own image’’ (Genesis1:26, KJV). This statement brings out the
fact that God in the creation process work with other heavenly beings hence the
essence of team in bringing productivity, ‘Man’.
Hence
companies have to encourage teamwork in order to gain competitive advantage
because its base where new ideas come from. To employees teamwork is seen as
constituting a larger group of people than what job position describes. The
essence of teamwork is that workload is reduced and broken into pieces of work
for everyone to take part. The backward development in organizations today can
be attributed to inadequate teamwork among workers in an organization which in
the long run affects the performance of the organization. Huge amount of money
is also lost due to teamwork inadequacies which to say the least, drains the
organization’s meager resources with its far-reaching and attendant consequences
on the development of the organization.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
“Two are
better than one, because they have a good reward for their hard work. For if
one of them should fall, the other one can raise his partner up. But how will
it be with just the one who falls when there is not another to raise him up?”
(Ecclesiastes 4:9-10, KJV). This implies that teamwork can accomplish what the
individual cannot do on his or her own. Teamwork is defined as “a small number
of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose,
performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually accountable.”
(Katzenbach and Smith, 1993)
In today’s
society, there have been so much emphasis on pride and personal achievement at
work place; where by the concept of teamwork seems to be overlooked by managers
and employees, due to this management sees less essence of teamwork as a major
tool of performance which has lead them to poor performance and productivity in
the industry market. Therefore the study seeks to identify the impact teamwork
has on organizational performance.
1.3
Objectives of the Study
1. To
identify the factors associated with teamwork?
2. To
identify the positive or negative effects of teamwork on employees?
3. To
examine the impact of teamwork on organization performance?
1.4 Research
Question
1. What are
the factors associated with teamwork?
2. What are
the positive or negative effects of teamwork on employees?
3. What are
the impact of teamwork on productivity?
1.5
Significance of the Study
A lot of
research work has been carried out on the concept of teamwork by many
researchers. This research work is not out a rightly deviation from all other
works that have been carried out on the concept. In this study, the research
tries to ascertain how teamwork affects organizational productivity.
At the end
of this research, it will subsequently help managers of organizations
especially General Hospital Calabar to decide whether to encourage team working
more than that of individually or the other wise, to employees, it will also
help them to know if it’s good to work as a team or individually, and last of
all this research paper will also serve as starting point for other researchers
who want to conduct their research on this same concept.
1.6 Scope
and Limitations of the Study
The scopes
of this research are employees and managers of general hospital Calabar., the
research looks at the effect of teamwork on productivity.
Financial
difficulties limited the scope and content of the study. Due to the oath of
secrecy taken by people who were concerned; it was difficult for them to
divulge information which would have been required on the topic. The target
groups were having little interest in providing data. In some cases they were
reluctant to supply the required information.
Despite
these limitations, a thorough observation was done during the study, to reduce
the limitations so that conclusions that were drawn would be acceptable.
1.7
Definitions of Terms
Team: A team
is a formal group of members who interact at a high level and work together
intensely to achieve a common group goal. When teams are effective, they draw
on the abilities and experiences of their members to accomplish things that
could not be achieved by individuals working separately or by other kinds of
work group (Jones et al, 2008). Teams are especially appropriate for conducting
tasks that are high in complexity and have many interdependent subtasks.
Group: A
group is a set of two or more people who interact with each other to achieve
certain goals or meet certain needs. A group in itself does not necessarily
constitute a team. Teams normally have members with complementary skills and
generate synergy through a coordinated effort which allows each member to
maximize his or her strengths and minimize his or her weaknesses.
Teamwork: It
is the interdependent components of performance required to effectively
coordinate the performance of multiple individual; as such, teamwork is the
broader concept of team performance which also includes individual-level task
work.
Respondents
are the people who are going to answer the questionnaire.
Productivity:
It is the effective and efficient use of all resources. Resources include time,
people knowledge, information, finance, equipment, space, energy, materials.
Performance:
Is the accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards
of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed.
Organization:
Is a social entity, such as an institution or an association that has a
collective goal and is linked to an external environment.
1.7
Organization of the Chapters
Chapter one;
which is the introduction covers the background of the study, statement of the
problem, objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope and
limitation of the study, definition of terms and organization of the study.
Chapter two covers the literature review on the effect of teamwork on
productivity. Chapter three introduces the methodology employed in the
conduction of the research. Chapter four looks at the general information, data
analysis and discussion of the data. Chapter five captures the summary,
conclusion and recommendation of the study or research
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