AN ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ON PERFORMANCE OF BROADCAST MEDIA ORGANISATION IN NIGERIA
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TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2
Statement of the Research Problem
1.3
Objectives of the Study
1.4
Significance of the Study
1.5
Research Questions
1.6
Research Hypothesis
1.7
Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8
Assumptions
1.9
Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Sources of Literature
2.2
The Review
2.3
Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Method
3.2
Research Design
3.3
Research Sample
3.4
Measuring Instrument
3.5
Data Collection
3.6
Data Analysis
3.7
Expected Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND
RESULTS
4.1
Data Analysis
4.2
Results
4.3
Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary
5.2
Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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CHAPTER
ONE
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INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
Human existence
would have been meaningless without Information and Communication. Ideas,
values, policies and every aspect of socio-cultural, political and economic
obligation within the human environments would have been difficult to achieve
without adequate dose of information and communication. As a result,
information acts as grease for lubricating the entire society. However, the
invention of modern means communication with the help of civilization made
possible the advancement of science and technology the world has become a
global village.
Ekwelie
and Okonkwo (1983:16-62) recorded that “at one time, man depended on iron and
wooden gong, the town crier for the exchange, transmission and dissemination
of information and vital news,” but after the second (II) world war, a great
leap was made from this tasking mode of information dissemination to a more
advanced, mechanized method of transmitting message or news.
Broadcasting
came to Nigeria in stages, one of which was the introduction of wired
broadcasting more popularly known as radio distribution or re-diffusion in
1939 by the colonial government of British Broadcast Co-operation (BBC) to
redistribute its programme by means of wires connected to loudspeakers
installed in various homes of subscribers. It was developed in the United
Kingdom (UK) in the 1920’s and exported to their colonies. However, its
introduction to Nigeria was on the initiative of the engineers of the post of
telegraph department in Lagos who had been involved in monitoring the
transmission of the BBC on short wave. Since then, the Nigerian mass media
industry has witnessed a phenomenal growth since the establishment of Nigeria
Broadcasting Service in 1957 and the country’s first television station, set
up by the then government of the former western region in 1959. The
establishment of western Nigerian Broadcasting Service combined Radio and
African first Television service triggered a race by the other two regions to
setup theirs. The information and Communication as a loose term in describing
ways in which people, machines and communication system can work together to
make jobs quicker, more efficient and more accurate.
Siegfried
Mandel (1962:22) stated that the world crossed into “information
superhighway”, and it is this information superhighway that has tremendously
changed the role of communication and information dissemination in the
society. Today, with the help of great innovation and scientific inventions,
mass communication has been revolutionized with the help of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs). Now we talk about satellite transmission
and communication, computer communication, digital broadcasting system,
computer, internet information and Communication, digital cellular phones
(like GSM), fibre optics, microwave technologies, radio visual systems,
robots enterprise software among others.
Information
and Communication Technologies has made it possible for dissemination of
information evenly and to a wide range of audience especially with the advent
of GSM in Nigeria, both the literate, illiterate, urban and rural dwellers
alike are kept abreast of vital issues, thereby closing up communication gap
or information. Therefore, in realization of this views, it interests the
researchers to assess the application of Information and Communication
Technologies in the Enugu State Broadcasting Service (ESBS) station.
When
Marshal McLuhan talked about the global village many years ago, people at that time thought
he was a joker. The new communication technologies have made people become
increasingly involved in one another’s life. As Baran, (1999:51) observes,
technologies not itself a medium but a social force bringing changes to the
media world. Therefore, communication is any artifacts manipulated by man to
aid him communicate interpersonally or massively.
The
impact of the information technology on media industry has been improved.
Information can reach people around the world within seconds, for instance,
digital technology has placed us at a point of a new significant way of
development in the history of human communication often called “the
Information society” and has transformed the way many men and women work in
the media industry (Ilo 2002:22) information can be sent all around the world
within seconds with the new technologies, and news can reach people when it happens.
Statement
of the Research Problem.
The
new information and communication technologies have been envisaged by some by
some people as the threshold of globalizing the world. Information Technology
acts as a great facilitator in globalizing, uniting the disintegrated world
and enabling people to gain access to knowledge and services. There is no
doubt that the world is becoming homogenous and differences between people
are distinguishing. So, there is need for the Nigeria media to live up to the
challenges.
There
are many opinions that ESBS station cannot compete well with the rest of its
counterparts in Nigeria because of so many teething problems such as lack of
facilities, obsolete equipment, inadequate training, poor finance and
government interference.As a result, this research will investigate these
assertions to ascertain the truth of the matter. Moreover, it will go further
to find out whether the application of information and communication
technologies has impacted or enhanced the Broadcast media organization in
Nigeria by adding value, importance or quality to it.
1.3.
Objectives
of the Study
·
To examine the relevance of the new
Information and Communication Technologies on the performance of mass media
in Nigeria.
·
To ascertain whether the
workers/journalist in the broadcast media are well trained to handle and
operate ICT facilities in their operations.
·
To evaluate the value, importance or
quality of ICTs in Broadcast media organization in Nigeria.
Significance
of the Study
The value,
importance or quality of ICTs in media development cannot be over emphasized;
It is one thing for a medium to adopt the use of ICTs for reliability and
efficiency while another which neglects it cannot meet the pace of
globalization trend, but it will be an immerse benefit to media outfits who
adopt it and make use to it in their operations.
Research
Questions
The research
questions adopted for this work includes the following:
·
Can the new information and
communication technology trends enhance the performance of the mass media in
Nigeria?
·
Is the development in information
technology transforming the media significantly?
·
Are journalists in the mass media
outfit well trained properly to handle and operate ICT facilities in their
operations?
·
What are the challenges facing ICT in
Nigeria and its effect on the performance of mass media in Nigeria?
Research
Hypothesis
The following
hypothesis will be tested in the course of this study;
H1: Information and Communication Technologies
enhance the performance of mass media in Nigeria.
H0: Information and Communication Technologies
do not enhance the performance of mass media in Nigeria.
H2: ESBS staff are trained in the proper use of
Information and Communication Technologies.
H0: ESBS staff are not trained in the proper
use of Information and Communication Technologies.
H3: Challenges facing the adoption and
utilization of ICTs in Nigeria hinder mass media performance.
H0: Challenges facing the adoption and utilization
of ICTS in Nigeria do not hinder mass media performance in Nigeria.
H4: The development in information technology
is transforming the media significantly.
H0: The development in information technology
is not transforming the media significantly.
Theoretical
Framework
This
research work is anchored on the “Technology Determinism Theory” molded by
Marshall McLuhan. This theory states that technologies shape how individuals
in a society think, feel, act and how the society operate as we move from one
technological age to another and that the linking of electronic information
media would create an interconnected “global village”. With the advancement
in communication technology, the media which has been apportioned key roles
as the watch dog of the society will be able to interpret government policy
to the people through these new communication technologies.
This
research could also be anchored on the magic bullet or hypodermic needle
theory. The magic bullet has assumed that a given message from the media is
assumed to operate like magic bullet that virtually penetrate the
individual’s mind and instantly create immediate response or reactions. Magic
bullet theory believed that the rational mind was mere façade incapable of
resisting powerful message. In the same vein, the media cannot resist the
insistent encroachment of the new ICTs in the global society. The influence
of this ICTs is so strong that the mass media in Nigeria cannot resist its
powerful influence; rather they should be carried along in order to develop
and be in tune with the rest of the digital society and not be left in the
digital divide.
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