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TABLE OF CONTENT:
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2 Statement
of the Research Problem
1.3
Objectives of the Study
1.4
Significance of the Study
1.5 Research
Questions
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7
Conceptual and Operational Definition
1.8
Assumptions
1.9
Limitations of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Sources
of Literature
2.2 The
Review
2.3 Summary
of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Method
3.2 Research
Design
3.3 Research
Sample
3.4 Measuring
Instrument
3.5 Data
Collection
3.6 Data
Analysis
3.7 Expected
Result
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
4.1 Data
Analysis
4.2 Results
4.3
Discussion
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2
Recommendations for Further Study
Bibliography
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CHAPTER
ONE
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INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Industrial
relations constitute one of the most delicate and complex problems of the
modern industrial society. This phenomenon of a new complex industrial set-up
is directly attributable to the emergence of ‘Industrial Revolution”. The
pre-industrial revolution period was characterized by a simple process of
manufacture, small scale investment, local markets and small number of
persons employed. All this led to close proximity between the manager and the
managed. Due to personal and direct relationship between the employer and the
employee it was easier to secure cooperation of the latter. Any grievance or
misunderstanding on the part of either party could be promptly removed. Also, there was no interference by the State
in the economic activities of the people. Under such a set-up industrial
relations were simple, direct and personal. This situation underwent a marked
change with the advent of industrial revolution – size of the business
increased needing investment of enormous financial and human resources, there
emerged a new class of professional managers causing divorce between
ownership and management, and relations between the employer and the employer
became entranged and gradually antagonistic. This new set-up rendered the old
philosophy of industrial relation irrelevant and gave rise to complex,
indirect, and impersonal industrial relations.
Industry
today is neither viewed as a venture of employers alone nor profit if
considered as its sole objective. It is considered to be a venture based on
purposeful cooperation between management and labour in the process of
production and maximum social good is regarded as its ultimate end and both
management and employees contribute in their own way towards its success.
Similarly, labour today is no more an unorganized mass of ignorant works
ready to obey without resentment or protest the arbitrary and discretionary
dictates of management. The management has to deal with employees today nto
as individuals but also as members of organized social groups who are very
much conscious about their rights and have substantial bargaining strength.
Hence, the objective of evolving and maintaining sound industrial relations
is not only to find our ways and means to solve conflicts to resolve
differences but also to secure the cooperation among the employees in the
conduct of industry.
But
maintaining smooth industrial relation is not an easy task. Almost all the
industrialized countries of he world fact the problem of establishing and
maintaining good management worker relationships in their industries. Each
country has sought to find our solution, depending upon its economic, social
and political environment. However, industrial conflict still arises and
therefore establishment and maintenance of satisfactory industrial relations
forms an important plank in the personnel policies of modern organization.
Meaning
In the broad sense, industrial relations
cover all such relationships that a business enterprise maintains with
various sections of the society such as workers, state, customers and public
who come into its contact.
In the narrow sense, it refers to all
types of relationships between employer and employees, trade union and
management, works and union and between workers and workers. It also includes
all sorts of relationships at both formal and informal levels in the
organization.
The term ‘industrial relations’ has been
variously defined. J.T. Dunlop defines industrial relations as “the complex
interrelations among managers, workers and agencies of the governments”.
According to Dale Yoder “industrial relations is the process of management
dealing with one or more unions with a view to negotiate and subsequently
administer collective bargaining agreement or labour contract”.
In
indusial relations, therefore, one seeks to study how people get on together
at their work, what difficulties arise between them, how their relations
including wages and working conditions etc., are regulated. Industrial
relations, thus, include both ‘industrial relations’ and ‘collective relations’
as well as the role of the state in regulating these relations. Such a
relationship is therefore complex and multidimensional resting on economic,
social, psychological, ethical, occupational, political and legal levels.
There are mainly two set of factors that determine the state of industrial
relations – whether good or poor in any country. The first set of factors,
described as ‘institutional factors’ include type of labour legislation,
policy of state relating to labour and industry, extent and stage of
development of trade unions and employers’ organizations and the type of
social institutions. The other set of factors, described as ‘economic
factors’ include the nature of economic organization capitalist, socialist
technology, the sources of demand and supply in the labour market, the nature
and composition of labour force etc.
Distinction
between human relations and industrial relations
The
term ‘human relations’ lays stress upon the processes of inter-personal
relationships among individuals as well as the behavior of individuals as
members of groups. The term ‘industrial relations’ is used widely in
industrial organizations and refers to the relations between the employers
and workers in an organization, at any specified time.
Thus,
while problem of human relations are personal in character and are related to
the behavior of individuals where moral and social element predominate, the
term ‘industrial relations’ is comprehensive covering human relations and the
relations between the employers and workers in an organization as well as
matters regulated by law or by specific collective agreement arrived at
between trade unions and the management.
However,
the concept of ‘industrial relations’ has undergone a considerable change
since the objective of evolving sound and healthy industrial relations today
is not only to find out ways and means to solve conflicts or resolve
difference but also t secure unreserved cooperation and goodwill to divert
their interest and energies toward constructive channel. The problems of
industrial relations are therefore, essentially problems that may be solved
effectively only by developing in conflicting social groups of an industrial
undertaking, a sense of mutual confidence, dependence and respect and at the
same time encouraging them to come closer to each other for removing
misunderstanding if any, in a peaceful atmosphere and fostering industrial
pursuits for mutual benefits.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Human
beings have insatiable needs and the urge to satisfy their needs creates
problems in business organization. In
fact human beings with insatiable needs constitute the workforce of an
organization. It is important that
problems that will distract them at work are taken care to a reasonable
degree before they go off. Problems
encountered at the work in any work environment could be either economical,
social or political.
It
is difficult to determine the extent of labour management relation as a tool
for industrial harmony in Nigeria.
This
research work therefore determined the degree of labour management as a tool
for industry harmony.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
purpose of the study is to:
i.
Determine if cordial labour
relationship exists between management and employees
ii.
Determine the need for industrial
harmony.
iii.
Determine if management encounters
any problems in maintaining good labour relationship with their workers.
iv.
Determine the best strategies to
sustain good labour relationship between management and workers of
v.
Make recommendations on how to
maintains good labour relationship between management and employees in any
organization.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
finding of this study shall be useful to organization in determine ways of
solving problems of industrial unrest in to create industrial harmony. The project shall also be immense benefit
to all prospective employees in business organization to determine various
ways through which they related with employees to ensure industrial harmony.
The
finding in this study shall also be useful to business administration and
managers in designing effective strategies to ideal with their staff to
ensure tranquil industrial atmosphere.
1.5
DELIMITATION OF STUDY
This
study is delimited to determined only labour management relations a tool for
industrial harmony in Nigeria
Organization a study of Union Bank of Nigeria plc).
1.6
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The
following questions were developed to guide the study.
1.
To what extent does labour management
relation as industrial relation exist in Union bank of Nigeria.
2.
To what degree does this labour
relationship exist between management and the employees
3.
What problem does management
encounter in maintaining good labour relationship between workers.
4.
What strategies shall be used to
ensure good labour management relations between management and employees for
better industrial harmony.
1.7
IMPLICATION FOR THE
STUDY
The
study of degree of labour management relationship existing between management and employees
of Union Bank will have the implication of establishing standard of
relationship that show the exist between management of the organization and
employees of such organization.
The study will also
implied that where they has cordial relationship existing between management
and employees of Union Bank there may not be national for this study. If Union bank had not witness any bad in
industry atmosphere the implication that this study is useful.
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